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[10] in an attempt to boost the domestic mineral processing industry and encourage exports of higher value-added mineral products, the indonesian government implemented a ban on exports of unprocessed mineral ores in 2014. because indonesia encompasses a sprawling archipelago, maritime shipping provides essential links between parts of the country.[351] for racing sport, indonesia has rio haryanto who become the first indonesian to compete in formula one.[227] salakanagara kingdom, a sundanese kingdom, is the first historically recorded indianised kingdom in indonesia, located in west java, created by indian trader after marrying a local sundanese princess. (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ in-də-nee-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ in-doh-nee-zee-ə; indonesian: [ɪndonesia]), officially the republic of indonesia (indonesian: republik indonesia [rɛpublik ɪndonesia]), is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in southeast asia with some territories in oceania. the world's 500 largest companies measured by revenue in 2014, the fortune global 500, two are headquartered in indonesia i.[232][233][234] a large proportion of indonesians—such as the javanese abangan, balinese hindus, and dayak christians—practice a less orthodox, syncretic form of their religion, which draws on local customs and beliefs.'s first general election elected members of the people's representative council (dewan perwakilan rakyat, dpr) and the constitutional assembly of indonesia (konstituante) was in 1955. plans were mentioned for a possible extension of the hsr to indonesia's second largest city, surabaya in east java; construction will begin in early 2017. of indonesia's deforestation is caused by forest clearing for the palm oil industry, which has cleared 18 million hectares of forest for palm oil expansion. these natural attractions are complemented by a rich cultural heritage that reflects indonesia's dynamic history and ethnic diversity. popular indonesian dishes such as nasi goreng,[334] gado-gado,[335][336] sate,[337] and soto[338] are ubiquitous in the country and considered as national dishes. ikhtisar kesusastraan indonesia: dari pantun, bidal, gurindam hingga puisi kontemporer : dari dongeng, hikayat, roman hingga cerita pendek dan novel. liga super indonesia is the country's premier football club league. articles: list of political parties in indonesia and elections in indonesia.[39] other indonesian areas gradually adopted islam, and it was the dominant religion in java and sumatra by the end of the 16th century. 1975 until the 2000s, the original design of tmii consist of a model of the houses from the 27 provinces of indonesia, including east timor. art is various artistic expressions and artworks of the archipelagic nation of indonesia.[276][277] the majority of internet users in indonesia are between the ages of 18 and 25, with an average internet usage of 4. billion packs in 2011, indonesia is the second largest producer of instant noodle after china which produces 42.^ a b ""indonesian batik", inscribed in 2009 on the representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity".[10] at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles), indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area.[46] despite major internal political, social and sectarian divisions during the national revolution, indonesians, on the whole, found unity in their fight for independence.[148] from the mid 1980s, trade barriers were reduced and the indonesian economy became more globally integrated.[84] for most of indonesia, the dry season falls between april and october with the wet season between november and march.

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^ "707 siswa pandai tapi tak mampu lulus spmb" (online archive in indonesian).[370][371] pramoedya earned several accolades, and was frequently discussed as indonesia's and southeast asia's best candidate for a nobel prize in literature. budaya tionghoa indonesia, an indonesian chinese cultural park (under construction). rainfall in indonesia is plentiful, particularly in west sumatra, west kalimantan, west java, and papua.[191] indonesia has significant energy resources, starting with oil – it has 22 billion barrels of conventional oil and gas reserves, of which about 4 billion are recoverable. indonesia is a member of the g20 major economies and world trade organization. institute of technology is considered as one of the most prestigious universities in indonesia, together with university of indonesia, and gadjah mada university. oldest evidence of writing in indonesia is a series of sanskrit inscriptions dated to the 5th century.[125] indonesia has received humanitarian and development aid since 1966, in particular from the united states, western europe, australia, and japan.[368] balai pustaka, the government bureau for popular literature, was instituted around 1920 to promote the development of indigenous literature, it adopted malay as the preferred common medium for indonesia. despite often displaying local ingenuity, indonesian arts also has experienced foreign exposures and influences—most notably from india, arabia, china and europe, as the result of centuries of contacts and interactions facilitated, and often motivated, by trade. batik, which is origin to indonesia is the most remarkable as it was recognised by unesco as a masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage of humanity on october 2009,[304] and has become the national costume. in 2008, malaysian music industry demanded the restriction of indonesian songs on malaysian radio broadcasts. 4,884 metres (16,024 ft), puncak jaya in papua is indonesia's highest peak, and lake toba in sumatra its largest lake, with an area of 1,145 km2 (442 sq mi). however, cooler climate types do exist in mountainous regions of indonesia 1,300 to 1,500 metres (4,300 to 4,900 feet) above sea level. indonesia shares land borders with malaysia on borneo, papua new guinea on the island of new guinea, and east timor on the island of timor. and the remains of tools show that the indonesian archipelago was inhabited by homo erectus, known as "java man", between 1. several royal houses; the istanas and keratons still survived in some parts of indonesia and become the haven of cultural conservation. to iea indonesia was the 10th top natural gas producer in 2009: 76 billion cubics (bcm) 2.[354] usmar ismail, a director from west sumatra made a major imprint in indonesian film in the 1950s and 1960s. clockwise from top: indonesian army during training session, sukhoi su-30, leopard 2 tank, and indonesian naval vessels. was granted the status of special region in recognition of its pivotal role in supporting indonesian republicans during the indonesian revolution and its willingness to join indonesia as a republic.[165] nowadays, indonesian automotive companies are able to produce cars with high ratio of local content (80% – 90%). indonesia traditional houses are at the centre of a web of customs, social relations, traditional laws, taboos, myths and religions that bind the villagers together.^ compared to the infused flavors of vietnamese and thai food, flavors in indonesia are kept relatively separate, simple and substantial.

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    time, the structure of the indonesian economy has changed considerably., a twin gate with relief of indonesian history on its wall. wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation, inc. indonesia was ranked one as world's best cabin crew and world's top ten best airlines in 2016. the concept of this culture-based recreational area was inspired by indonesia's unparalleled natural riches and local folk diversity. examples of indonesian traditional vernacular houses are: joglo and omah kudus javanese houses of central java and yogyakarta pavilion; minang rumah gadang of west sumatra pavilion; malay houses of jambi and riau provinces; torajan tongkonan and bugis house of south sulawesi pavilion; and balinese house compound with intricately carved candi bentar split gate and kori agung gate.[4] indonesia is the world's most populous muslim majority country, at 87.[22][23] however, dutch academics writing in east indies publications were reluctant to use indonesia; they preferred malay archipelago (maleische archipel); the netherlands east indies (nederlandsch oost indië), popularly indië; the east (de oost); and insulinde. january 2011, wonderful indonesia has been the slogan of an international marketing campaign directed by the indonesian ministry of culture and tourism to promote tourism. they arrived in indonesia around 2000 bce, and as they spread through the archipelago, confined the indigenous melanesian peoples to the far eastern regions. indonesian arts includes both age-old artforms developed through centuries, and recently developed contemporary art.[83] indonesia has two seasons—a wet season and a dry season—with no extremes of summer or winter.^ indonesia: world war ii and the struggle for independence, 1942–50; the japanese occupation, 1942–45, library of congress, 1992.[101] issues include large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and related wildfires causing heavy smog over parts of western indonesia, malaysia and singapore; over-exploitation of marine resources; and environmental problems associated with rapid urbanisation and economic development, including air pollution, traffic congestion, garbage management, and reliable water and waste water services. wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation, inc. "tujuh juara tinju dunia dari indonesia" [seven world boxing champions from indonesia]. 2014 indonesia imported 8b, making it the 27th largest importer in the world. the two most violent volcanic eruptions in modern times occurred in indonesia; in 1815 mount tambora in sumbawa erupted killing 92,000 people.^ "indonesia's natural wealth: the right of a nation and her people". moreover, indonesia has one of longest coastlines in the world, measuring 54,716 kilometres (33,999 mi).^ "monetary policy report quarter iv / 2010 – central bank of republic of indonesia".[112] indonesia is signatory to the asean free trade area agreement, the cairns group, and the world trade organization (wto), and an occasional member of opec. religious buildings of several official faiths is meant to showcase the inter-faiths tolerance and religious harmony of indonesia.[242] indonesia signed the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women in 1980 and ratified it in 1984.^ "kondisi perfilman di indonesia" [the state of the film industry in indonesia].
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    in indonesia, handicraft is not just a tradition; it is also an important economic sector..lumbaartmagyarमैथिलीмакедонскиmalagasyമലയാളംmaltimāoriमराठीმარგალურიمصرىمازِرونیbahasa melayubaso minangkabaumìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄mirandésмонголမြန်မာဘာသာdorerin naoerona vosa vakavitinederlandsnedersaksiesनेपालीनेपाल भाषा日本語napulitanoнохчийнnordfriisknorfuk / pitkernnorsk bokmålnorsk nynorsknovialoccitanолык марийଓଡ଼ିଆoromoooʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаਪੰਜਾਬੀpangasinanپنجابیpapiamentuپښتوpatoisភាសាខ្មែរpicardpiemontèistok pisinplattdüütschpolskiportuguêsqaraqalpaqshaqırımtatarcaromânăruna simiрусиньскыйрусскийсаха тылаsámegiellagagana samoaसंस्कृतम्sängöscotsseelterskshqipsicilianuසිංහලsimple englishسنڌيsiswatislovenčinaslovenščinaсловѣньскъ / ⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱐⱄⰽⱏślůnskisoomaaligaکوردیی ناوەندیsranantongoсрпски / srpskisrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиbasa sundasuomisvenskatagalogதமிழ்taqbaylittarandíneтатарча/tatarçaతెలుగుtetunไทยтоҷикӣᏣᎳᎩtürkçetürkmençetwiудмуртᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗукраїнськаاردوئۇيغۇرچە / uyghurchevahcuenghvènetovepsän kel’tiếng việtvolapükvõrowalon文言west-vlamswinaraywolof吴语ייִדישyorùbá粵語zazakizeêuwsžemaitėška中文. has a long history in indonesia and was part of the first indonesian national games in 1948.[190] in 2009 indonesia was the 5th top coal producer: 263 million tonnes hard coal and 38 million tonnes brown. religious freedom is stipulated in the indonesian constitution,[221] the government officially recognises only six religions: islam, protestantism, roman catholicism, hinduism, buddhism, and confucianism. such as batik, ikat, ulos and songket are several of many indonesian crafts. to 80 percent of the indonesian population lives in the western parts of the country,[249] but that segment of the population is growing at a slower pace than the rest of the country.^ "awakening indonesia's golden generation: extending compulsory education from 9 to 12 years". four amendments to the 1945 constitution of indonesia[c] have revamped the executive, judicial, and legislative branches. "an analysis of the implication of suharto's resignation for chinese indonesians". islam was first adopted by indonesians in northern sumatra in the 13th century, through the influence of traders, and became the country's dominant religion by the 16th century.^ a b c d e f "report for selected countries and subjects: indonesia". the first satellite, palapa a1 was first launched on 8 july 1976 florida time, or on 9 july 1976 western indonesian time on a us rocket, delta 2914, from the kennedy space center. the asian financial crisis that began to affect indonesia in mid-1997 became an economic and political crisis. ketetapan mpr-ri nomor ii/mpr/2000 tentang perubahan kedua peraturan tata tertib majelis permusyawaratan rakyat republik indonesia (pdf) (in indonesian). the official language is indonesian (also known as bahasa indonesia) a variant of malay,[217] which was used in the archipelago.[162] as of 2012[update], indonesia produces 35 percent of the world's certified sustainable palm oil (cspo). on the continent level, indonesia won the bronze medal once in football in the 1958 asian games.[273] in the 1980s an indonesian engineer, tjokorda raka sukawati invented a road construction technique named sosrobahu which becomes famous afterwards and widely used by many countries. indonesia's initial response was to float the rupiah, raise key domestic interest rates, and tighten fiscal policy.[19] indonesia is one of coral triangle countries with the world's greatest diversity of coral reef fish with more than 1,650 species in eastern indonesia only.[73] according to a geospatial survey conducted between 2007 and 2010 by national coordinating agency for survey and mapping (bakosurtanal), indonesia has 13,466 islands,[74] about 6,000 of which are inhabited.[114] indonesia also developed a close relationship with the soviet union in the period of 1961–1965. the traditional houses and settlements of the several hundreds ethnic groups of indonesia are extremely varied and all have their own specific history. name indonesia derives from the greek name of the indós (ἰνδός) and the word nèsos (νῆσος), meaning "indian island".
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    [21] in the same publication, one of his students, james richardson logan, used indonesia as a synonym for indian archipelago.èhадыгэбзэадыгабзэafrikaansakanalemannischአማርኛængliscالعربيةaragonésarpetanঅসমীয়াasturianuavañe'ẽaymar aruazərbaycancaتۆرکجهবাংলাbahasa banjarbân-lâm-gúbasa banyumasanбашҡортсабеларускаябеларуская (тарашкевіца)‎भोजपुरीbikol centralbislamaбългарскиboarischབོད་ཡིགbosanskibrezhonegбуряадcatalàчӑвашлаcebuanočeštinachamoruchavacano de zamboangachi-chewachishonachitumbukacorsucymraegdanskdeutschދިވެހިބަސްdiné bizaaddolnoserbskieestiελληνικάespañolesperantoestremeñueuskaraeʋegbeفارسیfiji hindiføroysktfrançaisfryskgaeilgegaelggagauzgàidhliggalego贛語gĩkũyũગુજરાતીगोंयची कोंकणी / gõychi konknni客家語/hak-kâ-ngîхальмг한국어hausahawaiʻiհայերենहिन्दीhornjoserbscehrvatskiidoilokanoবিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরীbahasa indonesiainterlinguainterlingueᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitutiñupiakиронíslenskaitalianoעבריתbasa jawakalaallisutಕನ್ನಡkapampanganქართულიkaszëbscziқазақшаkernowekkinyarwandakiswahiliкомиkongokreyòl ayisyenkurdîкыргызчакырык марыladinoлезгиລາວلۊری شومالیlatinalatviešulëtzebuergeschlietuviųligurelimburgslingálalivvinkarjalala . cafetarias and warungs available throughout the park featuring indonesian cuisines such as soto, gado-gado, nasi goreng and satay. indonesian film industry's popularity peaked in the 1980s and dominated cinemas in indonesia,[301] although it declined significantly in the early 1990s. some of famous indonesian boxers are ellyas pical, three times ibf super flyweight champion; nico thomas, muhammad rachman, and chris john. first regular contact between europeans and the peoples of indonesia began in 1512, when portuguese traders, led by francisco serrão, sought to monopolise the sources of nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in maluku. "the history and legal position of confucianism in post independence indonesia" (pdf). his new order administration[61] was supported by the us government,[62][63][64] and encouraged foreign direct investment in indonesia, which was a major factor in the subsequent three decades of substantial economic growth. 2007 taman mini indonesia indah launched new logo with branding slogan pesona indonesia ("indonesian charm")., the most widely recognise indonesian national costume are batik[321] and kebaya, although originally those costumes mainly belong within the culture of java and bali, most prominently within javanese, sundanese and balinese culture. diverse world of indonesian music genres was the result of the musical creativity of its people, and subsequent cultural encounters with foreign musical influences into the archipelago.^ "9–10 june: child marriage, sexual moralities and the politics of decentralization in indonesia – news – research". following the resignation of president suharto in 1998, indonesian political and governmental structures have undergone major reforms.[164] singapore, malaysia, australia, china and japan are the top five source of visitors to indonesia. has a well established railway industry, with its state-owned train manufacturer company, the indonesian railway industry (indonesian: pt. indonesia's national motto, "bhinneka tunggal ika" ("unity in diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. hindu influences reached the indonesian archipelago as early as first century.[3] the venues, which are situated around the main lake in a similar fashion to the different islands of the indonesian archipelago, are thematically divided into six areas in respect to the main islands of indonesia; java, sumatra, kalimantan (borneo), sulawesi, the lesser sunda islands, maluku and papua. the indonesian national team qualified for the asian cup in 2000, 2004 and 2007 afc asian cup, however unable to move through next stage. however, the overwhelming popularity of indonesian music in malaysia had alarmed the malaysian music industry. more than 300 ethnic groups, indonesia is considered as the home of world handicraft. the top import origins of indonesia are china, singapore, japan, south korea and malaysia. there are international ferry services between across the strait of malacca between sumatra and malaysia, and between singapore and nearby indonesian islands, such as batam.[155] the indonesian economy performed strongly during the financial crisis of 2007–08 and in 2012, its gdp grew by over 6%. idea of presenting indonesia in a small scale was conceived by former indonesian first lady, siti hartinah, better known as tien suharto.
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Esai - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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archived from the original (online archive in indonesian) on 26 november 2004.[139] indonesia's estimated gross domestic product (nominal), as of 2016[update], is us6. un report stated that four million people died in indonesia as a result of famine and forced labour during the japanese occupation.^ a b c d "social and demographic issues in indonesia – future directions international". a multi-diverse country, indonesia having more than 300 ethnic groups and 34 provinces, each has its own representation of traditional attire and dress from each province with its own unique and distinguished designs.[341] various balinese dance drama also can be included within traditional form of indonesian drama.[19] the name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent indonesia.[150] since 2007, however, with the improvement in banking sector and domestic consumption, national economic growth has accelerated to over 6% annually[152][153][154] and this helped indonesia weather the 2008–2009 great recession. another major grouping are the melanesians, who inhabit eastern indonesia.[363][364] more than 30 million cell phones are sold in indonesia each year, and 27% of them are local brands.[268] indonesia also hopes to manufacture the south korean kai kf-x fighter. tmii attempted not only to reconstruct the homes of the various provinces, but also to create a realistic model of the environment and shelters of the various people of indonesia.[44] japanese occupation during world war ii ended dutch rule,[45] and encouraged the previously suppressed indonesian independence movement. freedom in indonesia increased considerably after the end of president suharto's rule, during which the now-defunct ministry of information monitored and controlled domestic media, and restricted foreign media.[271] as of 2016[update], indonesia has launched 11 satellites to connect alongside the archipelago. indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources.[69] in 1999, east timor voted to secede from indonesia, after a twenty-five-year military occupation that was marked by international condemnation of repression of the east timorese. in indonesia are believed by many scholars to have had their beginning in rituals and religious worship. the most dominant influences on indonesian architecture have traditionally been indian; however, chinese, arab, and european architectural influences have been significant.[97] indonesia's 80,000 kilometres (50,000 miles) of coastline are surrounded by tropical seas that contribute to the country's high level of biodiversity.^ jan gonda, the indian religions in pre-islamic indonesia and their survival in bali, in handbook of oriental studies. indonesian armed forces was formed during the indonesian national revolution, when it undertook a guerrilla warfare along with informal militia. third amendment to the 1945 constitution of the republic of indonesia (pdf).[331] another popular indonesian dishes like rendang which is one of many minangkabau cuisine, beside of dendeng and gulai.^ [1] ultra marine: in far eastern indonesia, the raja ampat islands embrace a phenomenal coral wilderness, by david doubilet, national geographic, september 2007.

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the indonesian democratic party of struggle (partai demokrasi indonesia perjuangan) is the party of joko widodo, the indonesian president.[329] it is diverse, in part because indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 18,000 in the world's largest archipelago,[330] with more than 300 ethnic groups calling indonesia their home. five other indonesian universities, including airlangga university, bogor institute of agriculture, diponegoro university, sepuluh nopember institute of technology and brawijaya university all huddled in the 701+ range. of tanjung priok is indonesia's busiest port, and the 21st busiest port in the world in 2013, handling over 6. articles: architecture of indonesia, rumah adat, and candi of indonesia. each indonesian province maintains its own unique and distinct cultures, shelters, attire and dialects, tmii built a model of each of the houses from indonesian provinces. the recognition of indonesian chinese culture as the integral part of indonesian culture in 2000, the new indonesian chinese pavilion and a confucian temple was built within the park. komisi hukum nasional republik indonesia (national law commission, republic of indonesia), jakarta. inauguration of the indonesian president by the people's consultative assembly in the parliament complex jakarta, 2014.[127] the attacks, and subsequent travel warnings issued by other countries, severely damaged indonesia's tourism industry and foreign investment prospects. indonesia has been a member of the united nations since 1950. indonesian is universally taught in schools and consequently is spoken by nearly every indonesian. "the implementation of cedaw related to women's quota in indonesian parliament".% of the total imports of indonesia, followed by crude petroleum, which account for 6.العربيةaragonésঅসমীয়াasturianuavañe'ẽazərbaycancaتۆرکجهবাংলাbân-lâm-gúбашҡортсабеларускаябеларуская (тарашкевіца)‎българскиboarischbosanskibrezhonegcatalàčeštinacymraegdanskdeutscheestiελληνικάemiliàn e rumagnòlenglishespañolesperantoeuskaraفارسیfiji hindiføroysktfrançaisfryskgaeilgegalegoગુજરાતી한국어հայերենहिन्दीhrvatskibahasa indonesiainterlinguaíslenskaitalianoעבריתbasa jawaქართულიқазақшаkiswahilikurdîlatinalatviešulietuviųliguremagyarमैथिलीмакедонскиമലയാളംमराठीმარგალურიمصرىbahasa melayuмонголမြန်မာဘာသာdorerin naoeronederlandsनेपालीनेपाल भाषा日本語нохчийнnorsk bokmålnorsk nynorskoccitanoʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابیpiemontèispolskiportuguêsromânăruna simiрусскийscotsseelterskshqipsicilianuslovenčinaslovenščinaکوردیی ناوەندیсрпски / srpskisrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиbasa sundasuomisvenskatagalogதமிழ்татарча/tatarçaతెలుగుไทยtürkçetwiукраїнськаاردوئۇيغۇرچە / uyghurchevepsän kel’tiếng việtwinarayייִדיש粵語zazakizeêuws中文.[239][250] economic inequality is also an issue that not only affects the economy, but also the social structure of indonesia, resulting in social discrimination.العربيةбългарскиcatalàčeštinadanskdeutschελληνικάenglishesperantoespañoleestieuskaraفارسیsuomifrançaisgalegoעבריתhrvatskimagyarbahasa indonesiaitaliano日本語한국어lietuviųbahasa melayunederlandsnorsk nynorsknorsk bokmålpolskiportuguêsromânăрусскийsrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиslovenčinaslovenščinaсрпски / srpskisvenskaதமிழ்türkçeукраїнськаtiếng việt中文. dance of indonesia reflect the rich diversity of indonesian people. miniature of indonesian archipelago in the center lake viewed from the cable car.^ a b jill forshee, culture and customs of indonesia, greenwood publishing group: 2006: isbn 0-313-33339-4. "ui still indonesia's best university, but global rankings highlight national dearth of innovation". important figures in modern indonesian literature include: dutch author multatuli, who criticised treatment of the indonesians under dutch colonial rule; sumatrans mohammad yamin and hamka, who were influential pre-independence nationalist writers and politicians;[369] and proletarian writer pramoedya ananta toer, indonesia's most famous novelist.[322] the most obvious display of indonesian national costumes can be seen by the type of costumes worn by the president of indonesia and the indonesian first lady in many and different types of occasions and settings, and also worn by indonesian diplomatic officials during meeting or gala dinner.^ a b "randai (indonesian folk theater form, uses silat) « mit global shakespeares".^ "imf survey: indonesia's choice of policy mix critical to ongoing growth".

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[312] every ethnic in indonesia has it own uniqueness, style, and philosophy of craft. notable theatre, dance, and drama troupe such as teater koma are gain popularity in indonesia as their drama often portray social and political satire of indonesian society. "can indonesia increase palm oil output without destroying its forest? of 2014[update], there were 237 airports in indonesia,[182] including 17 international airports. village is the lowest level of government administration in indonesia. indonesia plans by 2015 to add 4 million additional hectares towards oil palm biofuel production. has a well-preserved natural ecosystem with rainforests that stretch over about 57% of indonesia's land (225 million acres). moved indonesia from democracy towards authoritarianism, and maintained his power base by balancing the opposing forces of the military and the communist party of indonesia (partai komunis indonesia, pki).[84] indonesia's climate is almost entirely tropical, dominated by the tropical rainforest climate found in every major island of indonesia, followed by the tropical monsoon climate that predominantly lies along java's coastal north, sulawesi's coastal south and east, and bali, and finally the tropical savanna climate, found in isolated locations of central java, lowland east java, coastal southern papua and smaller islands to the east of lombok. indonesian players have won the thomas cup (the world team championship of men's badminton) thirteen of the twenty-six times that it has been held since 1949, as well as numerous olympic medals since the sport gained full olympic status in 1992.[43] for most of the colonial period, dutch control over the archipelago was tenuous outside of coastal strongholds; only in the early 20th century did dutch dominance extend to what was to become indonesia's current boundaries. and the destruction of peatlands make indonesia the world's third largest emitter of greenhouse gases. indonesian tv channel at jakarta stadium, reporting a football match. indonesian national commission on violence against women noted that more regulations that discriminate against women are being adopted throughout the country than are being repealed.[156] indonesia regained its investment grade rating in late 2011 after losing it in 1997. cycle rickshaws, called becak in indonesia, are a regular sight on city roads and provide inexpensive transportation., indonesia consists of 34 provinces, five of which have special status.[262] every citizen is protected under jaminan kesehatan nasional (jkn), a scheme to implement universal health care in the country which launched by ministry of health of indonesia. first domestically produced film in indonesia was in 1926: loetoeng kasaroeng, a silent film by dutch director l. examples of indonesian native belief systems are sundanese sunda wiwitan, dayak's kaharingan, torajan aluk' to dolo, manusela and nuaulu's naurus, batak's parmalim faith, and to some extent javanese kejawen belief. many sociologists regard this as a serious underestimate: they believe that somewhere between six million and seven million people of chinese descent are now living in indonesia.[244] in many parts of indonesia, local laws compelling women and girls to wear the hijab are increasingly in place in schools, government offices and public spaces.[15] indonesia's major trading partners are japan, united states, china and the surrounding countries of singapore, malaysia and australia. contemporary asian cinema, indonesia: screening a nation in the post-new order.^ "9–10 june: child marriage, sexual moralities and the politics of decentralization in indonesia – news – research".

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million international visitors entered indonesia, staying in hotels for an average of 8. manuscript from the early 1800s from central sumatra, in batak toba language, one of many languages from indonesia. this festival hands out the citra award, an indonesian counterpart of united state's academy awards, the most prestigious award among indonesian film workers.[201][202] most indonesians are descended from austronesian-speaking peoples whose languages can be traced to proto-austronesian, which possibly originated in taiwan. beautiful indonesia miniature park as well as ancol dreamland with dunia fantasi (fantasy world) theme park and atlantis water adventure are jakarta's answer to disneyland-style amusement park and water park.[269] indonesia is also the first developing country to launch its own satellite system, known as palapa. indomie brand by indofood is one of the indonesia's best known global brand.. department of state annual report on international religious freedom for 2006 – indonesia – september 2006 archived 19 october 2006 at the wayback machine.: amusement parks in indonesiabuildings and structures in jakartaopen-air museumspost-independence architecture of indonesiatourist attractions in jakartamuseums in jakarta1975 establishments in indonesiacultural centers in indonesiahidden categories: pages using deprecated image syntaxcoordinates on wikidataarticles containing potentially dated statements from 2011all articles containing potentially dated statementsarticles with indonesian-language external links.[b] indonesia was an organizer of the bandung conference[18] and was the founder of non-aligned movement; and also the founding member of association of southeast asian nations, asia-pacific economic cooperation, east asia summit, and organisation of islamic cooperation. indonesia has at least 150 active volcanoes,[80] including krakatoa and tambora, both famous for their devastating eruptions in the 19th century.[115] the great indonesia movement party (partai gerakan indonesia raya) is the third largest political party. the reformasi movement, independent filmmaking was a rebirth of the filming industry in indonesia, where film's started addressing topics which were previously banned such as; religion, race, love and other topics.: indonesia1949 establishments in indonesiacountries in melanesiadeveloping 8 countries member statese7 nationsg15 nationsg20 nationsisland countriesmalay-speaking countries and territoriesformer opec member statesmember states of the association of southeast asian nationsmember states of the organisation of islamic cooperationmember states of the united nationsmuslim-majority countriesrepublicssoutheast asian countriesstates and territories established in 1949hidden categories: cs1 indonesian-language sources (id)cs1 french-language sources (fr)webarchive template wayback linksall articles with dead external linksarticles with dead external links from december 2016articles with dead external links from february 2017wikipedia articles needing page number citations from december 2016pages using isbn magic linkswikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalismwikipedia indefinitely move-protected pagesengvarb from december 2016use dmy dates from april 2017coordinates on wikidataarticles containing indonesian-language textinterlanguage link template link numberarticles including recorded pronunciationsarticles needing more detailed referencesarticles containing potentially dated statements from 2016all articles containing potentially dated statementsarticles containing potentially dated statements from 2014articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015articles with indonesian-language external linksarticles with dmoz linkswikipedia articles with viaf identifierswikipedia articles with lccn identifierswikipedia articles with isni identifierswikipedia articles with gnd identifierswikipedia articles with bnf identifiers. for loetoeng kasaroeng (1926), the first fiction film produced in dutch east indies (modern-day indonesia). "promised land palm oil and land acquisition in indonesia: implication for local communities and indigenous people" (pdf). at a national level, indonesian people did not elect a head of state – the president – until 2004. next to distinctive native form of musics, several genres can trace their origins to foreign influences, such as gambus and qasida from middle eastern islamic music,[323] keroncong from portuguese influences,[324] and dangdut—one of the most popular music genres in indonesia—with notable hindi music influence as well as malay orchestras.[150] since an inflation target was introduced in indonesia in 2000, the gdp deflator and the cpi have grown at an average annual pace of 10¾ per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, similar to the pace recorded in the two decades prior to the asian crisis, but well below the pace in the 1960s and 1970s. currently, indonesia is the world's largest producer of palm oil. "bhinneka tunggal ika belum menjadi kenyataan menjelang hut kemerdekaan ri ke-59" (in indonesian)..^ the impact of migration on the province of papua, indonesia.[373] he was among those youngsters who pioneered in changing the traditional indonesian literature and modifying it on the lines of the newly independent country. the hindu majapahit kingdom was founded in eastern java in the late 13th century, and under gajah mada, its influence stretched over much of indonesia. each pavilions featured in typical vernacular indonesian architecture of each provinces.

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the international stage, indonesia experienced limited success despite being the first asian team to qualify for the fifa world cup in 1938 as dutch east indies.[117] starting from the 2015 unified local elections, indonesia start to elect governors and mayors simultaneously on the same date. the almost uniformly warm waters that make up 81% of indonesia's area ensure that temperatures on land remain fairly constant. indonesia's economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal gdp and the 8th largest by gdp at ppp, the largest in southeast asia, and is considered an emerging market and newly industrialised country. dirgantara indonesia), which, with eads casa of spain developed the cn-235 aircraft, which has been exported to many countries.^ (2002), the fourth amendment of 1945 indonesia constitution, chapter iii – the executive power, art.[123] indonesia maintains close relationships with its neighbours in asia, and is a founding member of asean and the east asia summit. in an agrarian and maritime culture the people in indonesian's archipelago have been famous in some traditional technologies, particularly in agriculture and marine., 50,000-നു മുകളിൽ ലേഖനങ്ങളുള്ളവ: العربية · bahasa indonesia · bahasa melayu · català · čeština · dansk · esperanto · فارسی · 한국어 · lietuvių · magyar · norsk bokmål · română · slovenčina · српски / srpski · suomi · svenska · tiếng việt · türkçe · українська · 中文. muslim traders first travelled through southeast asia early in the islamic era, the earliest evidence of islamised populations in indonesia dates to the 13th century in northern sumatra. along the equator, indonesia's climate tends to be relatively even year-round. indonesia's major imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, and foodstuffs, and the country's major export commodities include oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, rubber, and textiles.^ "scuba diving in indonesia: komodo, raja ampat, bali, sulawesi and more".[199] an additional 8 million indonesian live overseas, comprising one of the world's largest diasporas.^ "planning and development of indonesia's domestic communications satellite system palapa".[239][240][241] traditionally, the indonesian society has viewed children as a source of fortune. indonesia's largest rivers are in kalimantan, and include the mahakam and barito; such rivers are communication and transport links between the island's river settlements. indonesia saw consistent growth, with the official poverty rate falling from 60% to 15%. typhoons and large scale storms pose little hazard to mariners in indonesia waters; the major danger comes from swift currents in channels, such as the lombok and sape straits. aerospace technology, indonesia has a long history in developing military and small commuter aircraft as the only country in southeast asia to produce and develop its own aircraft, also producing aircraft components for boeing and airbus, with its state-owned aircraft company (founded in 1976), the indonesian aerospace (indonesian: pt.[48][49][50][51][incomplete short citation] the netherlands tried to reestablish their rule, and an armed and diplomatic struggle ended in december 1949, when in the face of international pressure, the dutch formally recognised indonesian independence[49][52] (with the exception of the dutch territory of west new guinea, which was incorporated into indonesia following the 1962 new york agreement, and the un-mandated act of free choice of 1969). has held annual film festivals an awards, the indonesian film festival (festival film indonesia/ffi), which has been held intermittently since 1955. reflects the diversity of cultural that have shaped indonesia as a whole. jaya in papua, the highest summit in indonesia and oceania.[354] riri riza and mira lesmana were the new generation of indonesian film figures who co-directed of kuldesak (1999), petualangan sherina (2000), ada apa dengan cinta?

thanks to common culture and intelligible languages between indonesian and malay, indonesian music enjoyed regional popularity in neighbouring countries such as malaysia, singapore and brunei.[e] a sense of indonesian nationhood exists alongside strong regional identities. now minority religions, hinduism and buddhism remain defining influences in indonesian culture. mini indonesia indah (tmii) or "beautiful indonesia miniature park" (literally translated) is a culture-based recreational area located in east jakarta, indonesia. it is quite difficult to define indonesian art, since the country is immensely diverse. traditional indonesian instruments include angklung, kacapi suling, siteran, gong, gamelan, degung, gong kebyar, bumbung, talempong, kulintang and sasando. like other developing countries, indonesia began internet development in the early 1990s. indonesian is primarily used in commerce, administration, education and the media, but most indonesians speak other languages, such as javanese, as their first language.[133][134] following a sporadic thirty-year guerrilla war between the free aceh movement (gam) and the indonesian military, a ceasefire agreement was reached in 2005.[281] the internet remains a relatively new communication medium in indonesia.^ based on "seminar nasional penetapan nama pulau-pulau kecil dalam presektif sejarah" or "national seminary of name for little islands from history side", 16 to 18 july 2008 at palembang, south sumatra, indonesia. 1900, indonesia became more common in academic circles outside the netherlands, and indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression. british naturalist alfred russel wallace described a dividing line between the distribution of indonesia's asian and australasian species. was promoted by indonesian nationalists in the 1920s, and declared the official language under the name bahasa indonesia in the proclamation of independence in 1945. oil production is important to the economy of indonesia as the country is the world's biggest producer and consumer of the commodity, providing about half the world supply. the park is a synopsis of indonesian culture, with virtually all aspects of daily life in indonesia's 26 (in 1975) provinces encapsulated in separate pavilions with the collections of indonesian architecture, clothing, dances and traditions are all depicted impeccably. in agriculture, for instance, the people in indonesia, and also in many other southeast asian countries, are famous in paddy cultivation technique namely terasering. articles: indonesian national armed forces and military history of indonesia. various native indonesian tribes incorporate chants and songs accompanied with musical instruments in their rituals. in 2014, indonesia ran a trade surplus with export revenues of us7 billion and import expenditure of us8 billion.[302] between 2000 and 2005, the number of indonesian films released each year has steadily increased. indonesia's and southeast asia's first high-speed rail project was expected to connect the national capital jakarta with bandung in neighbouring west java province, covering a distance of around 140 kilometres (87 miles). in december 2014, garuda indonesia was awarded as a "5-star airline" by skytrax and the eight best airlines in the world. president of indonesia is the head of state and head of government, commander-in-chief of tentara nasional indonesia (indonesian national armed forces), and the director of domestic governance, policy-making, and foreign affairs. indonesia, flag carrier of indonesia since 1949, was selected by skytrax as "the world's best economy class" in 2013.

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performing art also developed in indonesia with their distinct style of drama.^ a b indonesia temporarily withdrew from the un on 20 january 1965 in response to malaysia's being elected as a non-permanent member of the security council. despite its large population and densely populated regions, indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity.[362] in 2016, 88 million indonesians used the internet, of which 93% used smartphones, 5% tablets and 11% computers. satellite was first launched in july 1976, making indonesia the first developing country to operate its own satellite system. indonesia shares maritime borders across narrow straits with singapore, malaysia, vietnam, the philippines, and palau to the north, and with australia to the south. for the most part, islam overlaid and mixed with existing cultural and religious influences, which shaped the predominant form of islam in indonesia, particularly in java.[216] it is either work of arts produced by its people—created by indonesian artist, or influenced by its culture and traditions.[303] batik which natives to indonesia also was recognised by unesco as a masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage of humanity on october 2009. peoples, migrated from taiwan to southeast asia, form the majority of indonesian population. president of indonesia susilo bambang yudhoyono with former us president barack obama, in ceremony at the merdeka palace in 2010. of indigenous native indonesian beliefs could be categorised as animism, shamanism as well ancestral worship. indonesia has 34 provinces, of which five have special administrative status.: laman menggunakan kotak info orang dengan parameter yang tidak diketahuirencana wikipedia dengan pengenalan viafrencana wikipedia dengan pengenalan lccnrencana wikipedia dengan pengenalan isnikelahiran 1959orang hidupmuslim malaysiaorang dari perakpenyanyi lelaki malaysiapenyanyi malaysiapelakon malaysiapelakon lelaki malaysiakategori tersembunyi: rencana yang mempunyai hcard.[122] in contrast to sukarno's anti-imperialistic antipathy to western powers and tensions with malaysia, indonesia's foreign relations since the new order era have been based on economic and political co-operation with the western world. but after the secession of east timor from indonesia in 2002, the east timor pavilion changed its status to become the museum of east timor. indonesia is also the most populous muslim country in the world. carpentry, masonry, stone and woodwork techniques and decorations are also thrived in indonesian vernacular architecture, with numbers of traditional houses' styles has been developed. bugis and makassar people in indonesia are also well-known with their technology in making wooden sailing vessel called pinisi boat. by early in the new century, the improved communications system had brought television signals to every village in the country, and most indonesians could choose from 14 channels. indonesian outrigger boats may have made trade voyages to the east coast of africa as early as the 1st century ce. in indonesia are generally male-oriented and spectator sports are often associated with illegal gambling. indonesian government has worked with other countries to apprehend and prosecute perpetrators of major bombings linked to militant islamism and al-qaeda. health outcomes have significantly improved in indonesia since the 1960s.[174] the government's plan to build a high-speed rail was announced by indonesian government in july 2015.

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chairil anwar was considered as the greatest literary figure of indonesia by american poet and translator, burton raffel. catholicism was brought to indonesia by early portuguese colonialists and missionaries,[230][231] and the protestant denominations are largely a result of dutch reformed and lutheran missionary efforts during the country's colonial period. jakarta, indonesia: bureau of democracy, human rights and labor, embassy of the united states. an estimated userbase of 132,700,000, indonesia is one of the top ten largest countries by number of internet users,[275] and its facebook and twitter user populations are fourth and third largest, respectively, of any country. independence, indonesian foreign relations have adhered to a "free and active" foreign policy, seeking to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among other countries.[209] much of the country's privately owned commerce and wealth is chinese-indonesian-controlled. "indonesia: general elections test the amended constitution and the new constitutional court".[159] during the last five years the imports of indonesia have increased at an annualised rate of 12. many of indonesia's peoples have strongly rooted oral traditions, which help to define and preserve their cultural identities. for 27 years, indonesians could only watch one television channel, tvri. "shell tool use by early members of homo erectus in sangiran, central java, indonesia: cut mark evidence".[206][207][208] chinese indonesians are an influential ethnic minority comprising 3–4% of the population. following three and a half centuries of dutch colonialism starting from amboina and batavia, and eventually all of the archipelago including timor and western new guinea, at times interrupted by portuguese, french and british rule, indonesia secured its independence after world war ii. some of these pavilions also equipped with cafeterias featuring traditional indonesian cuisines and also souvenir shops offering various handicrafts, t-shirts and souvenirs. indonesia has a range of sea and coastal ecosystems, including beaches, sand dunes, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, coastal mudflats, tidal flats, algal beds, and small island ecosystems. through this recreational site, she hoped to cultivate national pride in more indonesian people. the official national dish of indonesia however, is tumpeng, chosen in 2014 by indonesian ministry of tourism and creative economy as the dish that binds the diversity of indonesia's various culinary traditions. also since indonesia now consist of 33 provinces, currently the new province pavilions of bangka belitung, banten, west sulawesi, north maluku, gorontalo, riau islands, and west papua is being built in northeast part of the park. according to the 2015 times higher education world university rankings, the top university in indonesia is university of indonesia (rank 310, dropped from 201 in 2009), followed by bandung institute of technology (in the 431–460 rank range) and gadjah mada university (in the 551–600 rank range). indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century, when srivijaya and then later majapahit traded with china and india.[282] unusually, indonesia's internet participation began with a small private group, known as the "paguyuban network", or "network group". the indonesian language: its history and role in modern society.[286] moreover, there are over 3,500 species living in indonesian waters, including sharks, dolphins, manta rays, turtles, morays, cuttlefish, octopus and scorpaenidae, compared to 1,500 on the great barrier reef. 20% of the world's coral reefs, over 3,000 different species of fish and 600 coral species, deep water trenches, volcanic sea mounts, world war ii wrecks, and an endless variety of macro life, scuba diving in indonesia is both excellent and inexpensive. in southeast asia, indonesia is one of the major sport powerhouses by winning the southeast asian games 10 times since 1977.

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of 2015[update], indonesia holds 8 items of unesco's intangible cultural heritage, which include wayang puppet theatre, kris, batik, education and training on making indonesian batik, angklung, saman dance, noken, and the three genres of traditional balinese dance.[263] under jkn, all indonesians will receive coverage for a range of treatments via health services from public providers as well as those private organisations that have opted to join the scheme.[1] a project called "indonesian miniature project" was started by harapan kita foundation in 1972. traditional wooden vessel pinisi are widely used as the inter-island freight service in indonesian archipelago. the first indonesian scholar to use the name was suwardi suryaningrat (ki hajar dewantara), when in 1913 he established a press bureau in the netherlands, indonesisch pers-bureau.[210][211] chinese businesses in indonesia are part of the larger bamboo network, a network of overseas chinese businesses operating in the markets of southeast asia that share common family and cultural ties.[159] in the 2009–2014 period, the exports of indonesia have increased at an annualised rate of 7.[135] from 1961 to 1963, the tni was involved in the military campaign to incorporate western new guinea into indonesia, which pitted the tni against netherlands new guinea. habibie, a former indonesian president played an important role in this achievement. the dance traditions in indonesia; such as javanese, sundanese, minangkabau, balinese, aceh and many other dances traditions are age old traditions, yet also a living and dynamic traditions.–18, isbn 979-605-406-x; "indonesia annual international religious freedom report 2003" (press release). heritage tourism is focussed on specific interest on indonesian history, such as colonial architectural heritage of dutch east indies era. indonesia's strategic sea-lane position fostered inter-island and international trade, including links with indian kingdoms and china, which were established several centuries bce.[239] this creates a gap in terms of wealth, unemployment rate, and health between the densely populated islands like sumatra and java, which are the economic centres of indonesia, and the sparsely populated islands such as maluku, and papua which is considered as indonesia's disadvantaged areas. most indonesian hindus are balinese,[225] and most buddhists in modern-day indonesia are ethnic chinese. "ford and kissinger gave green light to indonesia's invasion of east timor, 1975: new documents detail conversations with suharto". most indonesians speak at least one of several hundred local languages and dialects, often as their first language. the armed forces under suharto was directly involved in the mass killings fighting against the communist party of indonesia in 1965. the team claimed the advantage of utilizing this uneven terrain was the ability to create interesting and diverse landscapes and enclosures, as well as reflecting the various characteristics of the indonesian environment. in areas of indonesia with a history of tribal warfare, mock fighting contests are held, such as caci in flores and pasola in sumba./phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/kelompok_1/referensi/jill_forshee_culture_and_customs_of_indonesia_culture_and_customs_of_asia__2006. articles: tourism in indonesia and list of national parks of indonesia. pencak silat is an indonesian martial art and in 1987, became one of the sporting events in southeast asian games, with indonesia appearing as one of the leading forces in this sport. indonesian women have won the uber cup, the female equivalent of the thomas cup, 3 times, in 1975, 1994 and 1996. of indonesian vernacular architecture including toraja's tongkonan, minangkabau's rumah gadang and rangkiang, javanese style pendopo pavilion with joglo style roof, dayak's longhouses, various malay houses, balinese houses and temples, and also various styles of lumbung (rice barns).


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