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Essay human dependence environment

Our Role and Relationship With Nature | Environmental Topics and

federal land, western anger: the sagebrush rebellion and environmental politics (1993), on conservatives. the unending frontier: an environmental history of the early modern world (university of california press). main currents in western environmental thought (2002), standard scholarly history excerpt and text search. face-to-face time will be calculated in terms of touchscreen camera time and not in face-to-face human contact.[34] environmental historians intended to develop a post-colonial historiography that was "more inclusive in its narratives". subject continues to provide new perspectives, offering cooperation between scholars with different disciplinary backgrounds and providing an improved historical context to resource and environmental problems. added, “my sense is that society is becoming conditioned into dependence on technology in ways that, if that technology suddenly disappears or breaks down, will render people functionally useless.[57] this approach has been attributed to american environmental historians webb and turner[58] and, more recently to jared diamond in his book "guns, germs, and steel", where the presence or absence of disease vectors and resources such as plants and animals that are amenable to domestication that may not only stimulate the development of human culture but even determine, to some extent, the direction of that development. sustainability will enable the earth to continue supporting human life as we know it. the ends of the earth: perspectives on modern environmental history. questions posed and themes covered by environmental history date back to antiquity: historians have always included the effects of natural phenomena on human affairs.: environmental historylandscape historyenvironmental social sciencelandscape design historyhidden categories: cs1 errors: datesarticles with inconsistent citation formatspages using isbn magic links., coping with abundance: energy and environment in industrial america (temple university press, 1985)., stephen (ed), essays in australian environmental history: essays and cases (oxford: oup, 1994). he sees a lack of "human agency" in its texts and suggest it be written more to act: as a source of information for environmental scientists; incorporation of the notion of risk; a closer analysis of what it is we mean by "environment"; confronting the way environmental history is at odds with the humanities because it emphasises the division between "materialist, and cultural or constructivist explanations for human behaviour". this is an evolutionary advantage and a way that human brains are suited to function., mark, björn-ola linnér, and matt osborn, "environmental history writing in northern europe," environmental history, 5 (2000), pp. owens, an attorney and author of internet gaming law, also pointed out the dual effects of humans’ uses of technologies, writing, “good people do good things with their access to the internet and social media—witness the profusion of volunteer and good cause apps and programs which are continually appearing, the investigative journalism, the rallying of pro-democracy forces across the world. this interdependence has locked society into what psychologists call a social trap, i. an account of changes in human societies as they relate to changes in the natural environment., robert, forcing the spring: the transformation of the american environmental movement (washington: island press, 1993). environment: a journal of history and natural and social sciences.

Background Essay - Human-Environment Interactions in India

but given human nature, how can we convince people to sacrifice for what some of us may never see? the ‘hardwiring’ of the basic core or fabric of the individual will not change; it is technology applications and their outcomes that should be of concern…stagnation of the whole population will come as a result of lack of the skills of innovation, deep thinking, and a lack of desire or urgent need to fulfill basic human drives in proper human interactions. intelligence, crowd-sourcing, smart mobs, and the “global brain” are some of the descriptive phrases tied to humans working together to accomplish things in a collaborative manner online. “the amazing plasticity of the brain is nowhere as evident in the rapid adaptations humans are making in response to our unprecedented access to electronic information,” she wrote.. mcneill (ed), environmental history of the pacific and the pacific rim ( aldershot hampshire: ashgate publishing, 2001). history, co-published by the american society for environmental history and forest history society. the past 40 years, what began as a simple concern for the environment has matured into a widespread apprehension that is causing people from government to private enterprise to take action. most recent nationally representative surveys of the pew internet project show how immersed teens and young adults are in the tech environment and how tied they are to the mobile and social sides of it. in particular, i have hope for improved collaboration from these new differently ‘wired’ brains, for these teens and young adults are learning in online environments where working together and developing team skills allows them to advance.[64] in fact methodologies and insights from a range of physical and social sciences is required, there seeming to be universal agreement that environmental history is indeed a multidisciplinary subject."[19] in this sense environmental history is a version of human history within a larger context, one less dependent on anthropocentrism (even though anthropogenic change is at the center of its narrative)., tom and eric pawson, environmental histories of new zealand (oxford: oxford university press, 2002). guidance on the process of doing environmental history has been given by donald worster,[60] carolyn merchant,[61] william cronon[62] and ian simmons., james morton, "the specter of environmentalism": wilderness, environmental politics, and the evolution of the new right. environmental history frequently promoted a moral and political agenda although it steadily became a more scholarly enterprise.), environmental history and policy: still settling australia (south melbourne: oxford university press, 2000). de boer, jelle and donald theodore sanders, volcanoes in human history, the far-reaching effects of major eruptions. lutes, director of valley housing and economic authority, says technology is taking humanity down a harmful path. while digital thinking may lead to excessive multitasking and a reduction in attention span, the human brain can adapt to this new pattern in stimuli and can compensate for the problems that the pattern may cause in the long run. environment: a journal of history and natural and social sciences, published in new zealand with special regard to the modern and contemporary ages. in contrast to other historical disciplines, it emphasizes the active role nature plays in influencing human affairs. do those who can, to stick with the same example, track and engage with multiple narratives simultaneously choose to do the same with the meat-flesh political environment?

  • Human Consequences and Responses

    this is one of the most important factors in understanding human group differences in iq test scores and other measures of cognitive ability. but some environmental historians challenge this assumption, arguing that while traditional history is human history – the story of people and their institutions,[18] "humans cannot place themselves outside the principles of nature. "effects of environmental enrichment and impoverishment on rat cerebral cortex".), 23 degrees s: archaeology and environmental history of the southern deserts (canberra: national museum of australia press, 2005). and intelligence research investigates the impact of environment on intelligence. 90 years ago in his 1926 book the biosphere, russian biogeologist vladimir vernadsky was first to recognize implications of the interdependence between life and the earth's structure. survey participants noted that basic human responses are being leveraged to advantage by marketers tapping into human tendencies. “experience with rapidly changing technologies, gaming environments, user interfaces, and environmental impact have established a new approach to thinking where ‘how things are supposed to be’ is a changing rather than fixed understanding. recent years numerous scholars cited by james beattie have examined the environmental impact of the empire.“regarding the word ‘multitasking,’ cognitive, behavioral, and neurological sciences are moving toward a consensus that such a state does not actually exist in the human brain,” observed emerging technology designer annette liska. emmanuel le roy ladurie, a pupil of the annales school, was the first to really embrace, in the 1950s, environmental history in a more contemporary form.^ james beattie, "recent themes in the environmental history of the british empire," history compass (feb 2012) 10#2 pp 129-139.[30] during the enlightenment there was a rising awareness of the environment as concept and early environmental scientists addressed themes of sustainability via the subjects of natural history and medicine. this background “environmental history can give an essential perspective, offering knowledge of the historical process that led to the present situation, give examples of past problems and solutions, and an analysis of the historical forces that must be dealt with”[70] or, as expressed by william cronon, "the viability and success of new human modes of existing within the constraints of the environment and its resources requires both an understanding of the past and an articulation of a new ethic for the future. capacity of the brain to adapt its connections to environmental stimuli diminishes over time, and therefore it would follow that there is a critical period for intellectual development as well. aoadd (always-on attention deficit disorder) is age-defyingno matter what the tech, it all comes down to human naturethe most-desired skills of 2020 will be…it is difficult to tell what we will see by 2020, as people and tools evolve. answer the question of substitution for economic growth, we must bring human psychology into the picture. as all history occurs in the natural world, environmental history tends to focus on particular time-scales, geographic regions, or key themes. ferguson, a professor from texas a&m whose research specialty is technologies’ effects on human behavior, noted, “the tendency to moralize and fret over new media seems to be wired into us. are many environmental influences on intelligence, typically divided into biological and non-biological factors, often involving social or cultural factors., the unending frontier: environmental history of the early modern world (berkeley: university of california press, 2003)., looked at alcohol dehydrogenase genes and their mutations, which humans can have between 0 and 10.
  • Environment and intelligence - Wikipedia

    history emerged in the united states out of the environmental movement of the 1960s and 1970s, and much of its impetus still stems from present-day global environmental concerns.[2] in an experiment, four different habitats were set up to test how environmental enrichment or relative impoverishment affected rats' performance on various measures of intelligent behavior.'ui-jung liu, sediments of time: environment and society in chinese history (cambridge university press, 1998). environmental historians can “play a vital role in helping humankind to understand the gale-force of artifice that we have unleashed on our planet and on ourselves”. the retreat of the elephants: an environmental history of china (2006) online.), environmental history and policy: still settling australia (south melbourne: oxford university press, 2000). the result eased the fight between romantic preservationists and laissez-faire businessmen, thus giving the compromise from which modern environmentalism emerged.: all volumes and issues - browse - environmental history [1996–2007 (volumes 1–12)]. a new green history of the world: the environment and the collapse of great civilizations. many of the people participating in this survey emphasized the importance of the impact of basic human instincts and motivations. increasing globalization and the impact of global trade on resource distribution, concern over never-ending economic growth and the many human inequities environmental history is now gaining allies in the fields of ecological and environmental economics. hays, conservation and the gospel of efficiency: the progressive conservation movement, 1890-1920, while being a major contribution to american political history, is now also regarded as a founding document in the field of environmental history. in contrast the environment causes meaningful processing as the neurons adapt to stimuli presented. more stimulating environments can increase the number of synapses in the brain which increases synaptic activity. there seems little doubt that, with increasing concern for our environmental future, environmental history will continue along the path of environmental advocacy from which it originated as “human impact on the living systems of the planet bring us no closer to utopia, but instead to a crisis of survival”[66] with key themes being population growth, climate change, conflict over environmental policy at different levels of human organization, extinction, biological invasions, the environmental consequences of technology especially biotechnology, the reduced supply of resources - most notably energy, materials and water.[29] hippocrates, ancient greek father of medicine, in his airs, waters, places, asserted that different cultures and human temperaments could be related to the surroundings in which peoples lived.’ thoughtsthis is the next positive step in human evolution: we become “persistent paleontologists of our external memories”negative effects include a need for instant gratification, loss of patiencethe result is likely to be a wide-ranging mix of positives and negatives – and not just for young peoplethis could have a significant impact on politics, power and controlmany argue that reinvention and reform of education is the key to a better futureteachers express many concerns; you can feel the tension in their wordswidening divide? in humans this is most likely to occur during the development of the brain but can also occur in adults. an environmental history, told through fire, of europe and europe's encounter with the world (seattle, university of washington press, 1997). humankind"s changing role in the community of life, (london & new york, routledge, 2002). a climate of crisis: america in the age of environmentalism (2014), wide-ranging scholarly history since 1950s excerpt. nature and the orient: the environmental history of south and southeast asia (1998) 1036pp.
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  • Main findings: Teens, technology, and human potential in 2020

    iii, edmund, "the coming environmental crisis in the middle east: a historical perspective, 1750-2000 ce" (april 27, 2005). historically, there has been great interest in the field of intelligence research to determine environmental influences on the development of cognitive functioning, in particular, fluid intelligence, as defined by its stabilization at 16 years of age. for paul warde the sheer scale, scope and diffuseness of the environmental history endeavour calls for an analytical toolkit "a range of common issues and questions to push forward collectively" and a "core problem".'arcy, paul, the people of the sea: environment, identity, and history in oceania (honolulu: university of hawai'i press, 2006). what i generally see is an over-dependence on technology, an emphasis on social technologies as opposed to what i’ll call ‘comprehension technologies,’ and a general disconnect from deeper thinking., richard, green imperialism: colonial expansion, tropical island edens and the origins of environmentalism, 1600-1860. products would surely have a profitable market while bringing favorable attention to those involved, thus fulfilling both the human desire for significance and the need to sustain our world for future generations. it is also a strongly multidisciplinary subject that draws widely on both the humanities and natural science. "rethinking the british empire through eco-cultural networks: materialist-cultural environmental history, relational connections and agency. searching for more efficient ways of using natural resources, the british moved flora, fauna and commodities around the world, sometimes resulting in ecological disruption and radical environmental change. history is the study of human interaction with the natural world over time. "further reflections on amazonian environmental history: transformations of rivers and streams"., phia, "the lingering environmental impact of repressive governance: the environmental legacy of the apartheid-era for the new south africa", globalizations, 2#3 (2005), 391-403. richard grove has pointed out that "states will act to prevent environmental degradation only when their economic interests are threatened". despite the fact that intelligence stabilizes in early adulthood it is thought that genetic factors come to play more of a role in our intelligence during middle and old age and that the importance of the environment dissipates.[10] donald worster's widely quoted 1988 definition states: "environmental history is the interaction between human cultures and the environment in the past. another study, prenatal drug exposure was shown to have significantly negative effects on cognitive functioning, as measured at the age of five, compared again controls matched for socioeconomic status and inner-city environment. the impact of stress can be seen across many different species and can be an indicator of the outside environment which can help the fetus to adapt for surviving in the outside world. man and nature; or, physical geography as modified by human action. much of the communication and media consumed in an ‘always-on’ environment is mind-numbing chatter.[2] it is likely that the growth in neuronal connections is largely due to an interaction with the environment, as there is not even enough genetic material to code for all the possible neural connections. 1929 a group of french historians founded the journal annales, in many ways a forerunner of modern environmental history since it took as its subject matter the reciprocal global influences of the environment and human society.
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Plants and Animals in the Environment

Environmental history - Wikipedia

“there is less time for problems to be worked out, whether they are of a personal, political, economic, or environmental nature. 2004 a theme issue of environment and history 10(4) provided an overview of environmental history as practiced in africa, the americas, australia, new zealand, china and europe as well as those with global scope. areas focusing on ‘sustainability’ make a strong case in point: slow food, traditional gardening, hands-on mechanical and artistic pursuits, environmental politics, those who eschew facebook in favor of rich, active social networks in the ‘real’ world. "humans, cities, and nature: how do cities fit in the material world?^ adam rome "conservation, preservation, and environmental activism: a survey of the historical literature". journal for environmental history in croatian, english, german and slovenian. in an address to the organization of american historians in 1969 (published in 1970) nash used the expression "environmental history",[4] although 1972 is generally taken as the date when the term was first coined. further research using educational attainment as an indicator of cognitive stimulation have found that those with higher levels of education show less signs of cognitive aging and that stimulating environments could be used in the treatment of cognitive aging dysfunctions such as dementia. “we will think differently, and a large part of that will be as a result of being capable of exploiting a new communicative environment,” he noted. the united states the american society for environmental history was founded in 1975 while the first institute devoted specifically to environmental history in europe was established in 1991, based at the university of st. nature contested: environmental history in scotland and northern england since 1600 (2000).), going green: people, politics, and the environment in south africa (cape town: oxford university press, 1991). it’s simply a matter of demanding information and technology to suit the timetable of the individual, an overarching trend throughout human history. perkins marsh, man and nature; or, physical geography as modified by human action, ed. anonymous respondent noted that it is human to take the easy path, writing: “learning requires three key underlying skill sets—patience, curiosity, and a willingness to question assumptions. subject matter of environmental history can be divided into three main components. donald hughes (2006) has also provided a global conspectus of major contributions to the environmental history literature., judith ann, natives and exotics: world war ii and environment in the southern pacific (honolulu: university of hawai'i press, 2009). and ecohistory: research journal for economic and environmental history (croatia)., bao, "environmental history in china", environment and history, volume 10, number 4, november 2004, pp. in canada the network in canadian history and environment facilitates the growth of environmental history through numerous workshops and a significant digital infrastructure including their website and podcast. the claim that the path of history has been forged by environmental rather than cultural forces is referred to as environmental determinism while, at the other extreme, is what may be called cultural determinism.

Economic growth and sustainability – are they mutually exclusive?

the green revolution: the american environmental movement, 1962-1999 (new york: hill & wang, 1993).[40] scholars have used the british empire to examine the utility of the new concept of eco-cultural networks as a lens for examining interconnected, wide-ranging social and environmental processes.[26] some historians link their subject exclusively to the span of human history – "every time period in human history"[19] while others include the period before human presence on earth as a legitimate part of the discipline. 1967 roderick nash published "wilderness and the american mind", a work that has become a classic text of early environmental history. the columbia guide to american environmental history (columbia university press, 2012). these include discussion concerning: what subject matter is most appropriate; whether environmental advocacy can detract from scholarly objectivity; standards of professionalism in a subject where much outstanding work has been done by non-historians; the relative contribution of nature and humans in determining the passage of history; the degree of connection with, and acceptance by, other disciplines - but especially mainstream history. the idea of the impact of the physical environment on civilizations was espoused by this annales school to describe the long term developments that shape human history[17] by focusing away from political and intellectual history, toward agriculture, demography, and geography. the ecology of oil: environment, labor, and the mexican revolution, 1900-1938. economic growth counters sustainabilitythis simplistic diagram illustrates the interdependence among the growth (reinforcing) loops of consumption, the economy and resource depletion.”[12] environmental historians are also “interested in what people think about nature, and how they have expressed those ideas in folk religions, popular culture, literature and art.) nature & the orient: the environmental history of south and southeast asia (oxford university press, 1998). an environmental history of britain since the industrial revolution (routledge, 2014). such a purpose would not only allow us to gracefully reduce our dependence on economic growth but would fill a void in our lives and make us truly "stand out," leaving our footprints in the sand of time. nature, culture, imperialism: essays on the environmental history of south asia., james, green land, brown land, black land: an environmental history of africa, 1800-1990 (portsmouth: heinemann, 1999). i think we’re figuring out how to be human again amid all this, and that we’ll all learn how to use the new technologies to multitask as well as to dive deep into materials, weaving contexts of meaning that we haven’t seen before.. donald hughes responded to the view that environmental history is "light on theory" or lacking theoretical structure by viewing the subject through the lens of three "dimensions": nature and culture, history and science, and scale. the last decade, more voices have joined the choir, enriching our understanding of the interdependence between the economy and the sustainability of society and environment., dale, the thames embankment: environment, technology, and society in victorian london, (university of akron, 1998).[3] finally, environmental historians study how people think about nature - the way attitudes, beliefs and values influence interaction with nature, especially in the form of myths, religion and science. the idea is if you expose a child to concepts of, for example theoretical physics, before their brain stops responding to the environment in a plastic way, then you get exceptional understanding of that field in adulthood, because there was a framework developed for it in early childhood. "as a method, environmental history is the use of ecological analysis as a means of understanding human history .

Our Role and Relationship With Nature | Environmental Topics and

Population and Environment

hughes comments that environmental historians “will find themselves increasingly challenged by the need to explain the background of the world market economy and its effects on the global environment. a synoptic environmental history of the island pacific", journal of world history, vol. "the problem of the problem of environmental history: a re-reading of the field and its purpose". these counterbalancing forces undermine the foundation upon which economic growth is built and, over the long term, create a sinkhole which will swallow up the economy, environment and society. "emerging from the wilderness (or, from redwoods to bananas): recent environmental history in the united states and the rest of the americas," environment and history 10 (2004), pp. donald hughes defined the subject as “the study of human relationships through time with the natural communities of which they are a part in order to explain the processes of change that affect that relationship. number of the survey respondents who are young people in the under-35 age group—the central focus of this research question—shared concerns about changes in human attention and depth of discourse among those who spend most or all of their waking hours under the influence of hyperconnectivity. overall, our ability to connect, share and exchange information with other human beings is a strong net positive for humanity. of sustainability rise toward a crescendothe significance of this long recognized but superficially embraced interdependence is that there are limits to earth's natural resources and thus to any economic growth that depends on them – limits that, if not honored, will gravely affect the future. the rights of nature: a history of environmental ethics (madison: university of wisconsin press, 1989). "recent themes in the environmental history of the british empire," history compass (feb 2012) 10#2 pp 129–139.“parents and kids will spend less time developing meaningful and bonded relationships in deference to the pursuit and processing of more and more segmented information competing for space in their heads, slowly changing their connection to humanity.[25] many environmental historians are occupied with local, regional and national histories.), 23 degrees s: archaeology and environmental history of the southern deserts (canberra: national museum of australia press, 2005).“my friends are less interested in genuine human interaction than they are at looking at things on facebook. "the effect of early human diet on caudate volumes and iq". however, some of these effects of malnutrition have been shown to be improved upon with a good diet and environment. podcast is a podcast that looks at the environmental history of new zealand. specifically, the caudate nucleus is particularly affected by early environmental factors and its volume correlates with iq.'s past: canadian environmental history podcast features monthly discussions about the environmental history research community in canada. other key themes are the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer communities to settled agriculture in the neolithic revolution, the effects of colonial expansion and settlements, and the environmental and human consequences of the industrial and technological revolutions. the core of what makes us human is to connect deeply, so this always will be valued.

Background Essay - Human-Environment Interactions in India

Environmental Ethics Essay - 2121 Words | Bartleby

thus environmental history, like environmentalism, is perceived as entrenched pessimism, a litany of degeneration, failure, loss, decline and decay often portrayed as proceeding from some halcyon golden age of the past. environmental history can cover billions of years of history over the whole earth, it can equally concern itself with local scales and brief time periods.“we’re all going to end up being more distracted, shallow, fuzzy thinking, disconnected humans who cannot think or act critically.[2] however, garlick proposes that early environmental experience with their field of genius, is necessary but not sufficient to the development of genius. 1983, world leaders established the brundtland commission to focus on overlapping areas of sustaining life on earth: economy, environment and society. retana, a distinguished technologist with hewlett-packard, expressed concerns about humans’ future ability to tackle complex challenges. piraces, senior online strategist for human rights watch, said communication and knowledge acquisition are increasingly mediated by technology, noting that by 2020, “a significant part of the knowledge that anyone can discover will be processed by ‘third-party brains. according to paul warde, “the increasingly sophisticated history of colonization and migration can take on an environmental aspect, tracing the pathways of ideas and species around the globe and indeed is bringing about an increased use of such analogies and ‘colonial’ understandings of processes within european history. case, cyberanthropologist and ceo of geoloqi, agreed: “the human brain is wired to adapt to what the environment around it requires for survival., environment, power and injustice: a south african history (cambridge: cambridge university press, 2003). for example, economic growth requires non-renewable natural resources and produces harmful emissions which affect both environment and social well-being. with sociological thinkers and the humanities is limited but cannot be ignored through the beliefs and ideas that guide human action. matter what the tech, it all comes down to human nature.., managing the environment, managing ourselves: a history of american environmental policy (yale university press, 1999). has been hypothesized that the development of genius in an area results from early environmental exposure to the topic in which the "genius" has prodigious knowledge or skill. an environmental history of the world: humankind's changing role in the community of life (routledge studies in physical geography and environment).[2] the first, nature itself and its change over time, includes the physical impact of humans on the earth's land, water, atmosphere and biosphere. in balance, however, i lean toward the more optimistic view since a larger fraction of the world’s population will now be able to access human knowledge., alon, pollution in a promised land: an environmental history of israel (berkeley: university of california press, 2002). cavanaugh, an associate professor of educational technology at the university of florida, noted, “throughout human history, human brains have elastically responded to changes in environments, society, and technology by ‘rewiring’ themselves. podcasts on many aspects of the subject including interviews with eminent environmental historians. "the major transitions in the history of human transformation of the biosphere," human ecology review 11, 51-66.

Human Consequences and Responses

“the idea in the 1960s of unstructured, unguided, collaborative contribution was considered anathema, yet it brought us one of the most important human inventions, the internet, un-imaginable within the previous mental model,” he wrote. this was in large part a reaction to the way nature was represented in history at the time, which “portrayed the advance of culture and technology as releasing humans from dependence on the natural world and providing them with the means to manage it [and] celebrated human mastery over other forms of life and the natural environment, and expected technological improvement and economic growth to accelerate”. history, co-published quarterly by the american society for environmental history and the (us) forest history society. were those who expressed optimism about human nature and the days ahead. "leviathan in the tropics: a postcolonial environmental history of the papaloapan projects in mexico., judith, mao's war against nature: politics and the environment in revolutionary china (new york: cambridge university press.[67] hughes also notes that "environmental history is notably absent from nations that most adamantly reject us, or western influences". an example of cultural determinism would be the view that human influence is so pervasive that the idea of pristine nature has little validity - that there is no way of relating to nature without culture. empire, forestry and the origins of environmentalism, - covers british empire., peter and christian pfister, the silent countdown: essays in european environmental history (berlin: springer-verlag, 1993)., libby, and tom griffiths, "environmental history in australasia," environment and history, 10 (2004), pp.^ "the role of stress in brain development the gestational environment's long-term effects on the brain"., richard, green imperialism: colonial expansion, tropical island edens and the origins of environmentalism, 1600–1860 (cambridge, 1994).[23] in the united states environmental history as an independent field of study emerged in the general cultural reassessment and reform of the 1960s and 1970s along with environmentalism, "conservation history",[33] and a gathering awareness of the global scale of some environmental issues. most of the research on environmental enrichment has been carried out on non human animals.: all volumes and issues - browse - environmental review: er [1976–1989 (volumes 1–13)]. botelho, an international consultant on technology and development, expressed concerns about humans’ tendencies to sort themselves in ways that may cause friction. creativity, demand for high stimulus, rapidly changing environments, and high agency (high touch) will be what makes the next revolution of workers for jobs they will invent themselves, changing our culture entirely at a pace that will leave many who choose not to evolve in the dust. “humanity needs no additional help in dividing itself into groups that exclude more than include,” he wrote. in his insightful 1973 book the denial of death, which won the pulitzer prize, renowned cultural anthropologist ernest becker succinctly described the most basic human need that "expresses the heart of the creature: the desire to stand out, to be the one in creation. when the subject engages in environmental advocacy it has much in common with environmentalism.: all volumes and issues - browse - environmental history review [1990–1995 (volumes 14–19)].

, peter, decline of iranshahr: irrigation and environments in the history of the middle east, 500 b. the decline of nature: environmental history and the western worldview, academica press, bethesda, md isbn 978-1933146409. the parents of gifted children tend to supply enriching environments with intellectually and culturally stimulating materials thus increasing the child's likelihood to engage in creative activities. but cultural criticism seems to want to sequester certain questionable activities—like video gaming, social networking, multitasking, and others—into a no-man’s-land where the plasticity of the human mind is negative. that is, do those who can track multiple narratives simultaneously practice that same skill in environments that aren’t animations and have buttons to push?[4] even though lead levels have been reduced in our environment, some areas in the united states, particularly inner cities, are still at risk for exposing their children., environmental history of great britain from 10,000 years ago to the present (edinburgh, 2001). “the possibility of exploring deep questions will be enhanced, but it will be our culture, not our technology, that determines whether or not we have the will to use the tools in meaningful ways to enhance humanity. in 1988, donald worster stated that environmental history “attempts to make history more inclusive in its narratives”[14] by examining the “role and place of nature in human life”,[15] and in 1993, that “environmental history explores the ways in which the biophysical world has influenced the course of human history and the ways in which people have thought about and tried to transform their surroundings”. thus the environment and its interaction with genes account for a high proportion of the variation in intelligence seen in groups of young children, and for a small proportion of the variation observed in groups of mature adults. engagement with the political process certainly has its academic perils[52] although accuracy and commitment to the historical method is not necessarily threatened by environmental involvement: environmental historians have a reasonable expectation that their work will inform policy-makers. individual differences will prevail and some will do well in the new environment and some will not. of the themes of environmental history inevitably examine the circumstances that produced the environmental problems of the present day, a litany of themes that challenge global sustainability including: population, consumerism and materialism, climate change, waste disposal, deforestation and loss of wilderness, industrial agriculture, species extinction, depletion of natural resources, invasive organisms and urban development. beattie, "environmental anxiety in new zealand, 1840-1941: climate change, soil erosion, sand drift, flooding and forest conservation", environment and history 9(2003): 379-392. from rainforest to cane field in cuba: an environmental history since 1492. beauty, health, and permanence: environmental politics in the united states, 1955–1985 (1987), the standard scholarly history. by urgent circumstances whose effects are timely and direct, unselfish concern for others often rests in the nether regions of human motivation.., an environmental history of the world: humankind's changing role in the community of life (oxford: routledge, 2001). donald, pan's travail: environmental problems of the ancient greeks and romans (baltimore: johns hopkins, 1994). changing the face of the earth: culture, environment, history, 2nd edition.[44] however, another study found that when influences such as maternal age, mother's personality and home environment, there was no longer a difference between children exposed to marijuana and those not exposed with relation to executive functions. the word unfortunately perpetuates a false ideal of the human capacity to perform and succeed.

Environment and intelligence - Wikipedia

, michael, mark cioc, and james sievert, "environmental history writing in southern europe," environmental history, 5 (2000), pp. the end, we must each accept personal accountability for enriching our legacy and ask ourselves: "what can i do to help our world rely less on a level of economic growth that harms the environment and society, and encourage a path toward sustainability? my hypothesis is that high activity in online environments, particularly games, expends any political will or desire to effectively shape the environment so that there is none of that will left for engaging in our actual political environment., ranjan (ed), does environmental history matter: shikar, subsistence, sustenance and the sciences (kolkata: readers service, 2006).[35][36][37] gregory barton argues that the concept of environmentalism emerged from forestry studies, and emphasizes the british imperial role in that research. of environmental history tend to be declensionist, that is, accounts of progressive decline under human activity. "common ground: integrating social and environmental history," journal of social history, volume 39, number 3, spring 2006, pp. the river runs black: the environmental challenge to china's future (2010). at this point in human history, technology has enabled miraculous products, global travel, rapid communication, astonishing efficiencies and unimagined leisure., an environmental history of britain since the industrial revolution (london, 1994). something new under the sun: an environmental history of the twentieth-century world (global century series). in order for a person to develop certain intellectual abilities, they need to be provided with the appropriate environmental stimuli during childhood, before the critical period for adapting their neuronal connections ends. environmental history was growing rapidly after 1970, it only reached historians of the british empire in the 1990s. in particular a greater depth of historical knowledge can inform environmental controversies and guide policy decisions.”[14] early attempts to define the field were made in the united states by roderick nash in “the state of environmental history” and in other works by frontier historians frederick jackson turner, james malin, and walter prescott webb who analysed the process of settlement.), south africa's environmental history: cases and comparisons (athens: ohio university press, 2003). perhaps the profundity of such interdependence has been buried by our search for happiness through materialism and economic growth; or perhaps we would not know what to do if our nations failed to attain higher gdp and our businesses did not make a profit., argued oscar gandy, emeritus professor of communication at the university of pennsylvania, there is reason to worry that everyone’s attention could be overwhelmed in the always-on environment., in present-day society, although we recognize our dependence on the earth's resources – its water, oxygen and other natural elements – perhaps we do not recognize the connection between the economy and the earth.[49] the simple message of sustainable use of renewable resources is frequently repeated and early as 1864 george perkins marsh was pointing out that the changes we make in the environment may later reduce the environments usefulness to humans so any changes should be made with great care[50] - what we would nowadays call enlightened self-interest. the history of the mutual relations between humankind and the rest of nature"." the report describes three mutually dependent, interrelated areas of sustainability: economy, environment, and society.

Main findings: Teens, technology, and human potential in 2020

in the uk the white horse press in cambridge has, since 1995, published the journal environment and history which aims to bring scholars in the humanities and biological sciences closer together in constructing long and well-founded perspectives on present day environmental problems and a similar publication tijdschrift voor ecologische geschiedenis (journal for environmental history) is a combined flemish-dutch initiative mainly dealing with topics in the netherlands and belgium although it also has an interest in european environmental history. the idea that prenatal nutrition may affect intelligence comes from barker's hypothesis of fetal programming, which states that during critical stages of development the intrauterine environment affects or 'programmes' how the child will develop., paul, "new zealand environmental history: a question of attitudes", environment and history 9(2003): 463-475. environment and economy in late imperial south china (cambridge: cambridge university press, 1998)., nature and the english diaspora: environment and history in the united states, canada, australia, and new zealand . some environmental historians "the general conditions of the environment, the scale and arrangement of land and sea, the availability of resources, and the presence or absence of animals available for domestication, and associated organisms and disease vectors, that makes the development of human cultures possible and even predispose the direction of their development"[56] and that "history is inevitably guided by forces that are not of human origin or subject to human choice". 3) networking and collaboration—understanding the value of human networks and how to collaborate across them. the second category, how humans use nature, includes the environmental consequences of increasing population, more effective technology and changing patterns of production and consumption.[21] attaining this sort of information in humans would be difficult as it requires histological research. is not clear whether environmental history should promote a moral or political agenda. these terms have been invented to describe the environment created when people are linked continuously through tech devices to other humans and to global intelligence. in 1986, the dutch foundation for the history of environment and hygiene net werk was founded and publishes four newsletters per year. most influential empirical and theoretical work in the subject has been done in the united states where teaching programs first emerged and a generation of trained environmental historians is now active. a plague of sheep: environmental consequences of the conquest of mexico. idealistic solution could work by turning our cultures upside-down and nudging human nature away from materialistic solutions to human longings. matt richtel wrote about this topic in the 2010 new york times article your brain on computers: attached to technology and paying a price and helene hembrooke and geri gay wrote in 2003 for the journal of computing in higher education the laptop and the lecture: the effects of multitasking in learning environments. odasz, a consultant and speaker on 21st century workforce readiness, rural e-work and telework, and online learning, said digital tools are allowing human networks to accelerate intelligence. more environmental topics include human impact through influences on forestry, fire, climate change, sustainability and so on.[9] in 2014 oxford university press published a volume of 25 essays entitled the oxford handbook of environmental history. the strong emotions raised by environmentalism, conservation and sustainability can interfere with historical objectivity: polemical tracts and strong advocacy can compromise objectivity and professionalism. there is a tendency to difference in time scales between natural and social phenomena: the causes of environmental change that stretch back in time may be dealt with socially over a comparatively brief period. donald, "tahiti, hawaii, new zealand: polynesian impacts on island ecosystems", in: an environmental history of the world.

William butler yeats the second coming literary analysis

environmental history further broadens the subject matter of conventional history. environmental historians study how humans both shape their environment and are shaped by it. ian simmons's environmental history of great britain covers a period of about 10,000 years. water on sand: environmental histories of the middle east and north africa (oxford university press; 2013) 326 pages; scholarly essays on plague and environment in late ottoman egypt, the rise and fall of environmentalism in lebanon, the politics of water in the making of saudi arabia, etc., karl, 'nature conservation in england and germany, 1900-1970: forerunner of environmental protection? at all times environmental influences have extended beyond particular geographic regions and cultures, during the 20th and early 21st centuries anthropogenic environmental change has assumed global proportions, most prominently with climate change but also as a result of settlement, the spread of disease and the globalization of world trade., studies where environmental deprivation has occurred provide insight and indicate that a lack of stimulation can lead to cognitive impairment. history that seeks understanding of human beings as they have lived, worked and thought in relationship to the rest of nature through the changes brought by time"[13] . in today's world, consumerism is rooted in this deep human need for significance – more things impart more importance to the individual in the eyes of self and others. an environmental history of the russian north caucasus (new york: hhn media, 2009). in general terms it is a history that tries to explain why our environment is like it is and how humanity has influenced its current condition, as well as commenting on the problems and opportunities of tomorrow. the reason that kids are adapting so quickly to social tools online is because they align directly with human social connection, much of which takes place below our awareness. and political inspiration to environmental historians has come from american writers and activists henry thoreau (1817 – 1862), john muir (1838 – 1914), aldo leopold (1887 – 1948), and rachel carson (1907 – 1964). These terms have been invented to describe the environment created when people are linked continuouslyEnvironmental history.[63] worster's three core subject areas (the environment itself, human impacts on the environment, and human thought about the environment) are generally taken as a starting point for the student as they encompass many of the different skills required.), sediments of time: environment and society in chinese history (new york: cambridge university press, 1998). so, this statement is less about the internet and technology per se, and more about human development. their work was expanded by a second generation of more specialized environmental historians such as alfred crosby, samuel p. is the next positive step in human evolution: we become “persistent paleontologists of our external memories”. worster also questioned the scope of the discipline, asking: "we study humans and nature; therefore can anything human or natural be outside our enquiry? overviews of the field of environmental history have been given by john mcneill in 2003,[7] richard white in 1985,[8] and j. “we may make many quick ‘thoughts’ in succession, but human performance in any activity that is done without focus (often termed ‘multitasking’) is of significantly lower quality, including an absence of quality and consciousness.


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