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Gay parenting literature review

Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents: A Review of the Literature

-sex parenting is often raised as an issue in debates about the legalization of same-sex marriage. the analyses examine parenting practices, the emotional well-being of the child, and the sexual orientation of the child.: four computerized databases were identified studies for inclusion in this review of research on lesbian families, namely psychinfo, educational resources information centre (eric), medline, and the social sciences citation index. is associated with child behavior in families with heterosexual parents, but less is known about coparenting among lesbian- and gay-parent families..^ a b c bridget fitzgerald, "children of lesbian and gay parents: a review of the literature," marriage and family review, 1999, volume 29, number 1, pages 57–75. some special considerations apply to the context of lesbian and gay parenting: variation in family forms, children’s awareness of lesbian and gay relationships, heterosexism, and homophobia./0033294116665594 [indexed for medline] sharepublication type, mesh termspublication typereviewmesh termsadolescentadoption*adultchildfamily characteristics*femalehomosexuality*humansmaleparenting*linkout - more resourcesmedicaladoption - medlineplus health informationgay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender health - medlineplus health informationparenting - medlineplus health informationmiscellaneousnci cptac assay portalpubmed commons home. same-sex parent households scored higher on parenting stress (95% confidence interval = 2.Gay parenting literature review

What does the scholarly research say about the wellbeing of

[39] herek's 2006 review describes the available data on the point as limited. the 1970s, it has become increasingly clear that it is family processes (such as the quality of parenting, the psychosocial well-being of parents, the quality of and satisfaction with relationships within the family, and the level of co-operation and harmony between parents) that contribute to determining children's well-being and outcomes rather than family structures, per se, such as the number, gender, sexuality and cohabitation status of parents. parenting refers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (lgbt) people raising one or more children as parents or foster care parents. 2002 review of the literature identified 20 studies examining outcomes among children raised by gay or lesbian parents and found that these children did not systematically differ from those raised by heterosexual parents on any of the studied outcomes. rosenfeld, associate professor of sociology at stanford university, wrote in a 2010 study published in demography that "[a] critique of the literature—that the sample sizes of the studies are too small to allow for statistically powerful tests—continues to be relevant. rather, children’s behavior problems and family functioning during middle childhood were predicted by earlier child adjustment issues and parenting stress. toall how tochemicals & bioassaysdna & rnadata & softwaredomains & structuresgenes & expressiongenetics & medicinegenomes & mapshomologyliteratureproteinssequence analysistaxonomytraining & tutorialsvariationabout ncbi accesskeysmy ncbisign in to ncbisign out. in a 2010 review comparing single-father families with other family types, stacey and biblarz state, "we know very little yet about how parents influence the development of their children's sexual identities or how these intersect with gender.

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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Parented Families

we assessed whether associations among family relationships, parenting stress, and child outcomes were different in the 2 household types. high a price – the case against restricting gay parenting (updated second edition) (2006), a publication by the aclu, includes a detailed review of studies and research. office of personnel management, michael lamb, a professor of psychology and head of department of social and developmental psychology at cambridge university, stated:The methodologies used in the major studies of same-sex parenting meet the standards for research in the field of developmental psychology and psychology generally. people can become parents through various means including current or former relationships, coparenting, adoption, donor insemination, and surrogacy. but, in order to ask this, i think that we need a wider range of research into lesbian and gay parenting. more work of this sort will help us to ask more complex questions about forms of parenting that continue to offer some novel and challenging approaches to family life. in the psychological literature, family systems theory contends that children’s healthy development depends upon healthy family functioning more so than family structure. according to sociologist judith stacey of new york university, "rarely is there as much consensus in any area of social science as in the case of gay parenting, which is why the american academy of pediatrics and all of the major professional organizations with expertise in child welfare have issued reports and resolutions in support of gay and lesbian parental rights". Lesbian and Gay Parenting: Theoretical and Conceptual Examinations

LGBT parenting - Wikipedia

"child well-being in same-sex parent families: review of research prepared for american sociological association amicus brief. average differences favor women over men, but parenting skills are not dichotomous or exclusive."[7] additionally, some fear that children will inherit their parent's gender dysphoria or alternate mental health issues in the case of trans parent, yet there is research that suggests "an absence of evidence that children raised by transgendered parents have a greater chance of experiencing […] development issues than raised by non-transgender parents" and further clinical research shows that "children of gender-variant parents do not develop gender dysphoria or mental diseases" due to their parents' diagnosis with gender identity disorder [19] a 1996 meta-analysis found "no differences on any measures between the heterosexual and homosexual parents regarding parenting styles, emotional adjustment, and sexual orientation of the child(ren)";[53] and a 2008 meta-analysis reached similar conclusions. no major differences in parenting or child development were identified between families headed by lesbian and single heterosexual mothers. the findings suggest that being homosexual is clearly compatible with effective parenting and is not a major issue in parents’ relationships with their children. psychological association (apa) public interest directorate: research summary on lesbian and gay parenting (2005). this paper presents and discusses major finding of the reviewed articles. people can become parents through various means including current or former relationships, coparenting, adoption, foster care, donor insemination, and surrogacy.Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents: A Review of the Literature

A Review and Critique of Research on Same-Sex Parenting and

thirty lesbian mother families and 42 families headed by a single heterosexual mother were compared with 41 two-parent heterosexual families using standardised interview and questionnaire measures of the quality of parenting and the socioemotional development of the child. literature underlines that lesbian mother and gay father families are similar to those with heterosexual parents, regarding family functioning, dyadic satisfaction, and child development. parents who were experiencing higher levels of parenting stress, higher levels of interparental conflict, and lower levels of love for each other had children who exhibited more behavior problems. the studies specific to same-sex parenting were published in leading journals in the field of child and adolescent development, such as child development, published by the society for research in child development, developmental psychology, published by the american psychological association, and the journal of child psychology and psychiatry, the flagship peer-review journals in the field of child development. the review includes studies that compared children of lesbian mothers to children of heterosexual mothers on gender identity, gender role, sexual orientation, and varying aspects of psychological health and adjustment. riggs, amaryll perlesz, rhonda brown, graeme kane: lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (lgbt) parented families – a literature review prepared for the australian psychological society" (pdf). differences have not been found in parenting ability between lesbian mothers and heterosexual mothers. 2010 a florida court declared that reports and studies find that there are no differences in the parenting of homosexuals or the adjustment of their children, therefore the court is satisfied that the issue is so far beyond dispute that it would be irrational to hold otherwise[24].

What does the scholarly research say about the wellbeing of

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Parented Families

Same-sex parenting and children's outcomes

this includes: children raised by same-sex couples (same-sex parenting), children raised by single lgbt parents, and children raised by an opposite-sex couple where at least one partner is lgbt. 1993 review published in the journal of divorce & remarriage identified fourteen studies addressing the effects of lgbt parenting on children. results illustrate that the gay and lesbian adoptive parents in this sample fell into the desirable range of the parenting scale and their children have strength levels equal to or exceeding the scale norms. all studies of same-sex parenting have concluded there is “no difference” in a range of outcome measures for children who live in a household with same-sex parents compared to children living with married opposite-sex parents.. no significant interactions between household type and family relationships or household type and parenting stress were found for any child outcomes. associations were studied among self-reported divisions of labor, coparenting observations, and child adjustment (mage = 3 years) among 104 adoptive families headed by lesbian, gay, or heterosexual couples. of lgbt parenting have sometimes suffered from small and/or non-random samples and inability to implement all possible controls, due to the small lgbt parenting population and to cultural and social obstacles to identifying as an lgbt parent. study investigated child development and parenting in 106 families headed by 27 lesbian, 29 gay, and 50 heterosexual couples (80% white, m = 42 years) with young adopted children (41% white, m = 3 years).

LGBT parenting - Wikipedia

A Review and Critique of Research on Same-Sex Parenting and

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Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents: A Review of the Literature

commentshow to join pubmed commonshow to cite this comment:Ncbi > literature > pubmed. the review concluded that all of the studies lacked external validity and that therefore: "the conclusion that there are no significant differences in children reared by lesbian mothers versus heterosexual mothers is not supported by the published research data base. the results have implications for advancing supportive policies, practices, and laws related to adoption and parenting by sexual minority adults. of extensive social science literature into the question of children's psychological outcomes of being raised by same-sex parents by the australian institute of family studies in 2013 concluded that "there is now strong evidence that same-sex parented families constitute supportive environments in which to raise children" and that with regard to lesbian parenting ". a variety of assessment measures were used to evaluate the children’s cognitive functioning and behavioral adjustment as well as the parents’ relationship quality and parenting skills. taken together, this research forms an overwhelming scholarly consensus, based on over three decades of peer-reviewed research, that having a gay or lesbian parent does not harm children.^ adoption and co-parenting of children by same-sex couples (archived from [1]). the united states, studies on the effect of gay and lesbian parenting on children were first conducted in the 1970s, and expanded through the 1980s in the context of increasing numbers of gay and lesbian parents seeking legal custody of their biological children.

Same-sex parenting and children's outcomes

Children of lesbian and gay parents: A review of the literature.

however, several family process variables—parenting stress, parenting approaches, and couple relationship adjustment—were found to be significantly associated with children’s adjustment, regardless of parental sexual orientation.: forty-four empirical studies on lesbian families published between 1978 and 2003 were reviewed. the present article reviews whether there is any theoretical and empirical evidence for the most widespread assumptions on which such decisions have been based. the results demonstrate no differences on any measures between the heterosexual and homosexual parents regarding parenting styles, emotional adjustment, and sexual orientation of the child(ren). to address this deficiency in the literature, this article explores the parenting styles of gay and lesbian adoptive parents and strengths of their children between the ages of 5–9 years (n = 94), using scores from the parent-as-a-teacher inventory and the behavioral and emotional rating scale. although many important research questions have yet to be addressed, the results of all reviewed studies were unanimous; none of the investigations could identify an adverse effect of lesbian motherhood on child development.^ position statement on parenting of children by lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. heterosexual parents made a greater effort to provide an opposite-sex role model for their children, but no other differences in their parenting behaviors were found.

  • Resume action verbs research

    Is Gay Parenting Bad for Kids? Responding to the 'Very Idea of

    results confirm previous studies in this current body of literature, suggesting that children raised by same-sex parents fare equally well to children raised by heterosexual parents. prior to publication in these journals, these studies were required to go through a rigorous peer-review process, and as a result, they constitute the type of research that members of the respective professions consider reliable.: family lawlgbt rights by issuesexual orientation and societylgbt parentinghidden categories: pages with reference errorsall articles with dead external linksarticles with dead external links from june 2016webarchive template wayback linkspages with duplicate reference names. "a review of data based studies addressing the affects of homosexual parenting on children's sexual and social functioning". implications for understanding the role of gender and sexual orientation in parenting, as well as for legal and policy debates, are discussed. many studies have shown that adjustment is largely affected by differences in the quality of parenting and parent–child relationships, the quality of the relationships between the parents, and the richness of the economic and social resources available to the family; more recent research signals the importance of congenital differences as well.-three empirical studies published between 1978 and 2000 on nonclinical children raised by lesbian mothers or gay fathers were reviewed (one belgian/dutch, one danish, three british, and 18 north american).: lgbt issues; same-sex parenting; adoption research; lesbian parenting; research methodspmid: 27620690 doi: 10.
  • Resume for service technician – parenting and child development in adoptive families: does parental sexual orientation matter? the quality of parenting by the mother, and the social and emotional development of the child, were assessed using standardised interview and questionnaire measures administered to mothers, children and teachers. finally, various aspects of parenting style significantly predicted the adoptive parents’ view of their child’s level of care difficulty which subsequently predicted the type and level of strengths assessed within their adopted child. myths exist that call into question the parenting ability of gay and lesbian parents as well as the impact of such parenting on children in their care, there is an ever increasing body of literature that clearly demonstrates the capabilities of these parents with their birth children. is little to no visibility or public support through pregnancy and parenting resources directed towards trans parents. measures of children’s adjustment, parenting approaches, parenting stress, and couple relationship adjustment were not significantly associated with parental sexual orientation. most of the studies appeared in these (or similar) rigorously peer-reviewed and highly selective journals, whose standards represent expert consensus on generally accepted social scientific standards for research on child and adolescent development. benefits appear to exist with regard to: the quality of parenting children experience in comparison to their peers parented in heterosexual couple families; children's and young adults' greater tolerance of sexual and gender diversity; and gender flexibility displayed by children, particularly sons.
  • Resume wording for sales and marketing – * note: this study was rebuked in a letter signed by 200 social scientists claiming flawed methodologies, and the publishing journal performed an audit that sharply criticized the peer-review process in accepting the study for publication.-utilitiesjournals in ncbi databasesmesh databasencbi handbookncbi help manualncbi newspubmedpubmed central (pmc)pubmed clinical queriespubmed healthall literature resources. to a 2001 review of 21 studies by stacey and biblarz published in american sociological review: "[r]esearchers lack reliable data on the number and location of lesbigay parents with children in the general population, there are no studies of child development based on random, representative samples of such families. review and critique of research on same-sex parenting and adoption."[3] several professional organizations have noted that studies which opponents of lgbt parenting claim as evidence that same-sex couples are unfit parents do not in fact address same-sex parenting, however, and therefore do not permit any conclusions to be drawn about the effects of the sexes or sexual orientations of parents. experiences and perceptions of children of gay fathers are also reviewed. growing body of scientific literature demonstrates that children who grow up with 1 or 2 gay and/or lesbian parents fare as well in emotional, cognitive, social, and sexual functioning as do children whose parents are heterosexual. as sexual minority parents increasingly adopt children, longitudinal research about child development, parenting, and family relationships is crucial for informing such debates.
  • Sarah coleman reality tv essay – continues to surround parenting by lesbian and gay (lg) adults and outcomes for their children. studies that conclude gay parenting raises risks: with regard to the four outlier studies, all share the same flaw. here, we show how a method of analyzing temporal patterns in citation networks can be used to assess the state of social scientific literature as a means to inform just such a question. future studies may reveal the sources of this parenting stress. and analyses include bridget fitzgerald's 1999 analysis of the research on gay and lesbian parenting, published in marriage and family review, which found that the available studies generally concluded that "the sexual orientation of parents is not an effective or important predictor of successful childhood development"[31] and gregory m. these findings have implications for the clinical care of adolescents and for pediatricians who are consulted on matters that pertain to same-sex parenting. we find that the literature on outcomes for children of same-sex parents is marked by scientific consensus that they experience “no differences” compared to children from other parental configurations. studies that find no differences resulting from having a gay parent: some critics of the lgb parenting research object to the small, non-random sampling methods known as “convenience sampling” that researchers in the field often use to gather their data.
  • Sorting algorithm research paper – in both phases, articles reporting results on children’s development (such as sexual identity, emotional/behavioral development, social relationships and cognitive functioning), and parental functioning (such as mental psychological health and parenting skills). in a 2001 review of 21 studies, judith stacey and timothy biblarz found that researchers frequently downplay findings indicating difference regarding children's gender, sexual preferences and behavior, suggesting that an environment of heterosexism has hampered scientific inquiry in the area. there has been a recent upsurge in the number of studies related to children raised by gay and lesbian parents, the literature in this area continues to be small and wrought with limitations. burgeoning empirical literature exploring the factors accounting for individual differences in psychological adjustment is reviewed. these findings are consistent with and extend previous literature about families headed by lg parents, particularly those that have adopted children. only in the area of parenting did the 2 groups of couples differ; lesbian couples exhibited more parenting awareness skills than did heterosexual couples. conclusion: children with female same-sex parents and different-sex parents demonstrated no differences in outcomes, despite female same-sex parents reporting more parenting stress. that controversial question is discussed here in a detailed review of the social science literature in three parts: (1) stability of same-sex parental relationships, (2) child outcomes, and (3) child outcomes in same-sex adoption.
  • The quick resume and cover letter book – given the consistent failures in this research literature to disprove the null hypothesis, the burden of empirical proof is on those who argue that the children of sexual minority parents fare worse than the children of heterosexual parents. purpose of this chapter is to review research literature concerning children of gay and lesbian parents.[61] in hicks' view:Instead of asking whether gay parenting is bad for kids, i think we should ask how contemporary discourses of sexuality maintain the very idea that lesbian and gay families are essentially different and, indeed, deficient."[40] the range of these studies allows for conclusions to be drawn beyond any narrow spectrum of a child's well being, and the literature further indicates that parents' financial, psychological and physical well-being is enhanced by marriage and that children benefit from being raised by two parents within a legally recognized union. studies conducted within the past 10 years that compared child outcomes for children of same-sex and heterosexual adoptive parents were reviewed. this meta-analysis summa- rizes the available quantitative literature comparing the impact of heterosexual and homosexual parents, using a variety of measures, on the child(ren).: using the 2011–2012 national survey of children’s health data set, we compared spouse/partner relationships and parent-child relationships (family relationships), parenting stress, and children’s general health, emotional difficulties, coping behavior, and learning behavior (child outcomes) in households of same-sex (female) versus different-sex continuously coupled parents with biological offspring., gay, bisexual and transgender (lgbt) parented families – a literature review prepared for the australian psychological society (2007).

Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents: A Review of the Literature


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