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Ap us history essay reform movements

AP United States History Exam Sample Responses - The College

" working-class women did not have the opportunity to stay home and cultivate the "domestic virtues," but for many middle-class women their growing independence within the family justified a life revolving around their husband and children. thus was launched the modern women's rights movement in america. education for poor white southerners was provided by charity schools and some religious institutions. female abolitionists turned their attention also to the women's crusade. he served as the secretary of the massachusetts board of education from its creation in 1837 until 1848, when he was elected to the congress. a defining characteristic of this era was that women played public, leading roles in many of the crusades to reform american society. the main purpose of the common school was to provide a more centralized and efficient school system, one that would assimilate, train, and discipline the emerging working classes and prepare them for a successful life in an industrial society. in order to accomplish education reform, mann advocated state-controlled boards of education, a more uniform curriculum, and greater state involvement in teacher training. were upset at what they regarded as arbitrary and excessive railroad rates and abuses such as rebates to big business like standard oil. a dozen other states passed similar "maine laws," although in most cases they were not rigorously enforced or were soon repealed. like the so-called market revolution, reform movements flourished throughout the nation during these years, and while some merchants and industrialists were leading reformers, the largest number of prominent reformers appear to have been motivated by religious beliefs rather than a desire to combat any of the evils attributed by contemporaries to the market revolution. check your essay against them to see if you got many of the same key points. this was, in large measure, because women dominated the rank-and-file membership roles of many local temperance societies. it is true that new england was home to a substantial number of reformers, especially several important leaders of the abolitionist movement, such as william. this process is called historiography— the skills and strategies historians use to analyze and interpret historical evidence to reach a conclusion.. history noteschapter outlines vocabulary practice tests topic outlines timelines court cases sample essays reform crusadessharetweetpostmessagenext outlinehumanitarian reforms. three particularly important core components of education reform developed in the antebellum period: education for the common man and woman, greater access to higher education for women, and schooling for free blacks. spirit of reform was prevalent in the field of women's rights.

AP UNITED STATES HISTORY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES

reformers were influenced by thomas jefferson's vision of an educated electorate, and the desire to inculcate students—including increasing numbers of non-english and non-protestant immigrants—with traditional american values. famously, lucretia mott and elizabeth cady stanton were two female delegates to the world anti-slavery convention held at london in 1840. the argument also addresses the targeted skill of causation by dealing with the causes and effects of the events mentioned in the question, earning two points. in 1823 she founded the hartford female seminary, and offered her students a rigorous academic curriculum with an emphasis on women’s physical education. some reformers such as the tappan brothers and robert owen, the founder of a utopian community at new lanark, indiana, were successful merchants and industrialists, a much larger number of prominent reformers, including most of the leaders of the temperance and abolitionist movements, were motivated primarily by their religious beliefs. benjamin rush's an inquiry into the effects of spirituous liquors upon the human mind and body in 1784, but the campaign against alcohol during the reform era was imbued with an unprecedented moralistic fervor. a wife could not sign a contact, draft a will, or sue in court, without her husband's permission. reform is often at the heart of all great reform struggles. just as horace mann defined the common school movement, emma willard (1787–1870), catharine beecher (1800–1878), and mary lyon (1797–1849) were three leading figures in the advancement of women’s education." the document listed the "repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman," and called for a redress of grievances. you also identify reformers such as charles finney and use these examples to support arguments that some reformers were affected more by their beliefs than by the market revolution. historians such as michael katz have challenged the widely held assumption that the common school movement was an enlightened liberal reform movement designed to ameliorate the social divisions in american society. in 1840, a group of reformed alcoholics led by john b. reform movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century focused primarily on the effects of the accelerating industrial revolution, especially its impact on the natural environment. person most identified with the common school movement was horace mann (1796–1859), a member of the massachusetts state legislature, and then secretary of the massachusetts board of education. president roosevelt used his executive authority to put thousands of acres of public lands aside for national parks, saving them from commercial exploitation. female abolitionists turned their attention also to the women's crusade. it is also true that the two most influential reform movements, the temperance and abolitionist movements, were not primarily concerned with the effects of the market revolution.

AP® UNITED STATES HISTORY 2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

railroad regulation and antitrust actions attracted the most attention of reformers during the period 1880–1920, some efforts were made by reformers to mitigate the effects of industrialization and commercial expansion on the natural environment. after touring asylums and poorhouses in massachusetts, she reported to the legislature that the indigent insane were treated as violent criminals: "chained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. nevertheless, some progressive reformers like theodore roosevelt and gifford pinchot did pay significant attention to preventing further damage to the natural environment and helped to found the modern conservation movement. he served as the secretary of the massachusetts board of education from its creation in 1837 until 1848, when he was elected to the congress. catharine beecher, a sister of harriet beecher stowe, encouraged women to enter the teaching profession because their "natural" role suited them to the care and nurturing of children. thus was launched the modern women's rights movement in america. these farmers were among the first and most outspoken advocates of reform in the late 19th century. part of the humanitarian reforms sweeping america, asylums were also funded for social deviants and the mentally ill. leading anti-slavery advocate; and finney’s disciple, theodore dwight weld, a leading abolitionist and husband of prominent female anti-slavery speaker, angelina grimke. some reformers, including those who embraced transcendentalism, promoted the divinity of the individual and sought to perfect human society. a dozen other states passed similar "maine laws," although in most cases they were not rigorously enforced or were soon repealed. supported by president theodore roosevelt, progressive reformers, like the populists, sought to strengthen railroad regulation and both enforce and further strengthen the antitrust laws. you modified the statement in developing your argument and employed the use of other categories. million, and an additional five hundred thousand americans had taken the "cold water pledge" and vowed to forsake all alcohol. many americans believed that traditional values were undercut by the emerging industrial and market economy and they supported humanitarian and social reforms in an effort to create a new moral order. the so-called “market revolution” and the most influential reform movements of the period 1815–1860 took place throughout the united states, not just in new england, and at least some leading merchants and industrialists were enthusiastic supporters of reform. when they were denied full participation because of their gender, they returned to america determined to campaign for equal rights. the legal status of women was essentially that of a white child or black slave. Resume tracking system information

AP U.S. History Long Essay Example Essay - Kaplan Test Prep

struggle for greater educational opportunities for women was clearly linked to the antebellum reform movement, and in particular the campaign for women’s rights. this shift in objectives from temperance to prohibition was generally led by well-to-do reformers and industrialists. million, and an additional five hundred thousand americans had taken the "cold water pledge" and vowed to forsake all alcohol. the common school movement failed to address the issue of racial exclusion and segregation. these examples also address the targeted skill by showing the cause and effect of these events in relation to the reform movements, earning two more points. during the age of reform, women faced legal discrimination in virtually every aspect of their lives. women enthusiastically embraced the "cult of domesticity," reveling in their increased influence and leadership within the home. reformers were driven by more traditional religious impulses, such as the protestant revivalism known as the second great awakening. the essay does a good job arguing that reform was taking place throughout the united states and that some industrialists supported it and some reform was affected by the market revolution. the temperance movement attracted the largest numbers of female reformers, and served to introduce them to other crusades—especially women's rights and abolitionism. after the question, there are two sample essays that would receive a perfect scores. these examples also address the targeted skill by showing the cause and effect of these events on merchants and reformers in relation to the reform movements., both the populist and progressive movements sought to combat the negative effects of industrialization and economic expansion by focusing primarily on railroad regulation and the strengthening and enforcement of antitrust legislation. its body paragraphs, the essay also does a very good job of identifying and using specific evidence to support its argument. many women played a central role in a wide range of antebellum moral crusades—especially in support of temperance and the abolition of slavery—and their experiences in a male-dominated culture led to the first american feminist movement. age of reform--the decades prior to the civil war--was a period of tremendous economic and political change. reformers were driven by more traditional religious impulses, such as the protestant revivalism known as the second great awakening. in pennsylvania and new york, the idea that criminals should be reformed led to experiments in solitary confinement. Southwest airlines cover letter

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the temperance movement attracted the largest numbers of female reformers, and served to introduce them to other crusades—especially women's rights and abolitionism. despite that singular setback, dorothea dix clearly influenced governmental policy during the age of reform. this was, in large measure, because women dominated the rank-and-file membership roles of many local temperance societies. catharine beecher, for example, in 1841 wrote treatise on domestic economy for the use of young ladies, a best-selling guidebook for wives and mothers in which she instructed them on their myriad household duties. many americans believed that traditional values were undercut by the emerging industrial and market economy and they supported humanitarian and social reforms in an effort to create a new moral order. by 1890, these farmers’ alliances had entered politics in a number of southern and midwestern states and succeeded in pressuring congress to pass the sherman antitrust act, outlawing all “combinations in restraint of trade. temperance movement, the greatest of the evangelically inspired reforms, also attracted those who believed in human perfectibility. beecher was born into a prominent family; her father, lyman beecher, was the well-known religious reformer; her sister was harriet beecher stowe, abolitionist and author of the anti-slavery novel uncle tom’s cabin. organizations:Antioch college, canterbury female boarding school, emma willard school, hartford female seminary, massachusetts board of education, mt. fearing religious and anti-immigrant discrimination, catholics set up their own system of parochial schools. thus, beecher combined the "cult of domesticity" with educational reform. many middle-class women took the opportunity to broaden their experiences beyond the domestic sphere by participating in various reform movements. in 1908, he convened a conservation conference at the white house in an effort to further mitigate the damage that mining and manufacturing were doing to the natural environment, especially in the west. in addition, the essay uses a lot of pertinent information from the presidency of theodore roosevelt to support the thesis statement and also addresses how there were some reforms that dealt with the natural environment, i. emphasis on human perfectibility led some reformers to provide care for the physically and mentally afflicted. in 1902, president roosevelt not only forced mine owners to submit to arbitration to settle a nationwide coal strike, he also asked his attorney general to file an antitrust suit against the northern securities company, a large railroad holding company. catholics in massachusetts and new york opposed mann’s protestant republicanism in the common schools. Enterprising students use this website to learn AP class material, study for class quizzes and tests, and to brush up on course material before the big exam day. Teacher pros and cons homework

Reform Crusades - AP U.S. History Topic Outlines - Study Notes

that, along with other changes brought about as a result of industrialization and the growing difference between the north and south over slavery, combined with a genuine concern for the plight of the poor, led to the development of reform movements in the areas of temperance, prison, mental health, land ownership and development, women’s rights, and abolition. the leader of the prohibition campaign was neal dow, a quaker businessman who served as the mayor of portland. drunkenness, the reformers claimed, lay at the root of nearly every social problem—including crime, poverty, labor absenteeism, and domestic violence. during the age of reform, women faced legal discrimination in virtually every aspect of their lives. benjamin rush's an inquiry into the effects of spirituous liquors upon the human mind and body in 1784, but the campaign against alcohol during the reform era was imbued with an unprecedented moralistic fervor. first truly national women's rights convention was held in worcester, massachusetts, in 1850. an advocate of a rigorous curriculum for girls, she addressed the new york state legislature in 1819 and challenged thomas jefferson’s disparaging views about women’s mental capacities. reformers were influenced by thomas jefferson's vision of an educated electorate, and the desire to inculcate students—including increasing numbers of non-english and non-protestant immigrants—with traditional american values. after touring asylums and poorhouses in massachusetts, she reported to the legislature that the indigent insane were treated as violent criminals: "chained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. a few years later, another progressive reformer, woodrow wilson, succeeded to the presidency, and he managed to further strengthen the antitrust laws by pushing the clayton antitrust act through congress in 1914." the document listed the "repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman," and called for a redress of grievances. age of reform--the decades prior to the civil war--was a period of tremendous economic and political change. hale, editor of the popular godey's lady's book, explained that her magazine scrupulously avoided political topics because "other subjects are more important for our sex and more proper for our sphere. only when african american parents and their political allies challenged the whites-only schools and school districts would there be partial, but not lasting reforms. in other words, you are expected to treat history and historical questions as a historian would. hale, editor of the popular godey's lady's book, explained that her magazine scrupulously avoided political topics because "other subjects are more important for our sex and more proper for our sphere. dix, a remarkably selfless woman, abandoned a successful teaching career in 1841 to begin a life-long crusade to improve conditions for the mentally impaired. catharine beecher, for example, in 1841 wrote treatise on domestic economy for the use of young ladies, a best-selling guidebook for wives and mothers in which she instructed them on their myriad household duties. The color of love danzy senna essay

2002 AP US History Free-Response Questions

Education Reform in Antebellum America | The Gilder Lehrman

he founded in 1832 the perkins institution and the massachusetts asylum for the blind. sunday schools, which were founded in part to provide literary, religious, and moral instruction to working class and poor rural children, also educated some slaves. president roosevelt also pushed for the establishment of the forest service and appointed a conservation-minded ally, gifford pinchot, to head that agency. alcohol abuse was rampant among men and women from every walk of life. many middle-class women took the opportunity to broaden their experiences beyond the domestic sphere by participating in various reform movements. some reformers, including those who embraced transcendentalism, promoted the divinity of the individual and sought to perfect human society. essay uses specific evidence to support the argument, which earns the 2 possible points. first truly national women's rights convention was held in worcester, massachusetts, in 1850. the emerging market economy during the early nineteenth century widened the gulf between the workplace and the home, and had a tremendous impact on the social roles of middle-class men and women. reform was another effort americans pursued to perfect society during this period.[2] massachusetts board of education, twelfth annual report of the secretary [horace mann] (boston, 1848). all of the criticisms of mann and the common school system—racial segregation, religious (or lack thereof) bias, centralized school boards, and a curriculum designed for conformity were left unresolved, and are recurrent themes in the history of education and the subsequent movements for meaningful educational reform. in pennsylvania and new york, the idea that criminals should be reformed led to experiments in solitary confinement. it does a nice job of demonstrating that at least two reform movements were not just aimed at the effects of the industrial revolution, but also at the. during the age of reform, educational opportunities for women expanded, although most were not encouraged to pursue higher education. the populist movement, a reform movement attempting to combat the negative effects of industrialization and the rise of big business, was now in full swing. through its clear thesis, the essay is also able to address the targeted skill of causation by dealing with the causes and effects of the events mentioned in the question, for which it earns both of the possible points. this shift in objectives from temperance to prohibition was generally led by well-to-do reformers and industrialists.

SparkNotes: SAT Subject Test: U.S. History: Social Reform

the resolutions adopted by the convention, only one was not ratified unanimously--the demand that women be granted the right to vote. by 1850, most elementary school teachers were women, although some were hired because they could be paid considerably less than men. thus, when writing an effective essay, you must be able to write a strong and clearly developed thesis and supply a substantial amount of relevant evidence to support your thesis." working-class women did not have the opportunity to stay home and cultivate the "domestic virtues," but for many middle-class women their growing independence within the family justified a life revolving around their husband and children. subscription grants you access to archives of rare historical documents, lectures by top historians, and a wealth of original historical material, while also helping to support history education in schools nationwide. both colleges were “stations” on the underground railroad and graduated generations of leading education reformers as well as social justice activists throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. the leader of the prohibition campaign was neal dow, a quaker businessman who served as the mayor of portland.. history exam is designed to test your ability to apply knowledge of history in a complex, analytic manner. for example, it points out that the anti-slavery society and temperance society were not just limited to new england and that some of the important leaders were merchants. it cites the farmers’ alliances and their role in pushing for the interstate commerce act and sherman antitrust act. whatever limited educational progress existed in the slave south, it was not connected to the larger movements for social reform. women enthusiastically embraced the "cult of domesticity," reveling in their increased influence and leadership within the home. spirit of reform was prevalent in the field of women's rights. american history, economics, government and civics, immigration and migration, reform movements, women's history. after the supreme court upheld a lower court decision to break up the northern securities company in 1904, roosevelt went on to strengthen the interstate commerce commission’s ability to regulate railroad rates by pushing the hepburn act through congress in 1906. one of the most courageous of these reformers was prudence crandall (1803–1890), who in 1831 founded the canterbury (connecticut) female boarding school. there were numerous reform movements founded during the period 1815– 1860, from the new york female moral reform society to the lowell female labor reform association to the woman’s suffrage movement, the two largest and most influential reform movements were the temperance movement, initiated by the american temperance society, and the abolitionist movement, first organized effectively in the american anti-slavery society. part of the humanitarian reforms sweeping america, asylums were also funded for social deviants and the mentally ill.

AP United States History Exam Sample Responses - The College

Women and the Progressive Movement | The Gilder Lehrman

a number of the most important reform movements of the late 19th and early 20th centuries grew out of efforts to combat the negative effects of industrialization, the main focus of their efforts was not the impact of the industrial revolution on the natural environment. the institution of slavery militated against the emergence of manufacturing and urbanization, two critical factors that led to educational reform in the north. remember the four steps: dissect the question, formulate a thesis, plan your evidence, and write your essay. and, of these four famous reformers, only beecher was a new englander.” support, modify, or refute the preceding interpretation using at least two reform movements and one environmental issue from the period 1880–1920 as evidence. alcohol abuse was rampant among men and women from every walk of life. many women played a central role in a wide range of antebellum moral crusades—especially in support of temperance and the abolition of slavery—and their experiences in a male-dominated culture led to the first american feminist movement. by 1850, most elementary school teachers were women, although some were hired because they could be paid considerably less than men. the new world of industry was transforming the rhythms of work, discipline, and social relations. famously, lucretia mott and elizabeth cady stanton were two female delegates to the world anti-slavery convention held at london in 1840. although some reformers, such as theodore roosevelt and gifford pinchot, were deeply worried about the consequences of economic development on the natural environment, the most influential, most effective reformers were primarily concerned with the impact of the rise of big business on small businesses, industrial workers, and consumers, and with corruption in government that reformers believed resulted from the economic power of large corporations. he founded in 1832 the perkins institution and the massachusetts asylum for the blind. the resolutions adopted by the convention, only one was not ratified unanimously--the demand that women be granted the right to vote. catharine beecher, a sister of harriet beecher stowe, encouraged women to enter the teaching profession because their "natural" role suited them to the care and nurturing of children. on small business, workers, and consumers, as well as corruption in government. desire to reform and expand education accompanied and informed many of the political, social, and economic impulses toward reform. however, unlike mann and the common school movement, woman reformers themselves had to struggle for education as outsiders and as second-class citizens. dix, a remarkably selfless woman, abandoned a successful teaching career in 1841 to begin a life-long crusade to improve conditions for the mentally impaired.

AP UNITED STATES HISTORY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES

and educational reformers also struggled for coeducation in higher education. holyoke female seminary in south hadley, massachusetts, the first institution of higher education for women. played an increasing role in public education during the reform era. during the age of reform, educational opportunities for women expanded, although most were not encouraged to pursue higher education. a defining characteristic of this era was that women played public, leading roles in many of the crusades to reform american society. temperance movement, the greatest of the evangelically inspired reforms, also attracted those who believed in human perfectibility. the emerging market economy during the early nineteenth century widened the gulf between the workplace and the home, and had a tremendous impact on the social roles of middle-class men and women. the legal status of women was essentially that of a white child or black slave. emphasis on human perfectibility led some reformers to provide care for the physically and mentally afflicted. drunkenness, the reformers claimed, lay at the root of nearly every social problem—including crime, poverty, labor absenteeism, and domestic violence. thus, beecher combined the "cult of domesticity" with educational reform. when they were denied full participation because of their gender, they returned to america determined to campaign for equal rights. reform was another effort americans pursued to perfect society during this period. a wife could not sign a contact, draft a will, or sue in court, without her husband's permission. played an increasing role in public education during the reform era., although new england was home to a substantial number of reformers during the antebellum period, it was only one of a number of centers of reform. in 1840, a group of reformed alcoholics led by john b.. history noteschapter outlines vocabulary practice tests topic outlines timelines court cases sample essays reform crusadessharetweetpostmessagenext outlinehumanitarian reforms.


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